Debian 12 'Bookworm” is now released, the best Linux release yet

The Debian Project today released the final version of the Debian 12 “Bookworm” operating system, a major release that brings several new features, updated components, and many improvements.

With its long history of stability and security, Debian 12 is eagerly anticipated by open source enthusiasts around the world. This new version brings many exciting features and improvements, making it the best version yet.

After nearly two years of hard work, Debian 12 “Bookworm” is finally here, powered by the long-term support Linux 6.1 LTS kernel series. This kernel brings new and updated drivers to support modern hardware and will be officially supported until December 2026.

New features in Debian 12 “Bookworm” include a new non-free firmware repository containing non-free firmware packages forked from Debian’s non-free repositories. Users upgrading from Debian 11 to Debian 12 will need to add the new non-free firmware repository to their sources.list file.

Debian 12 also brings read and write support for APFS (Apple File System) using the apfsprogs and apfs-dkms tools, a new tool called ntfs2btrfs that allows you to convert NTFS drives to Btrfs, and also There is a new malloc implementation called mimalloc, a new kernel SMB server called ksmbd-tools, and support for the merged usr root filesystem layout.

Other new features include secure boot support on UEFI-enabled AArch64 (ARM64) systems, a new shiny-server package for Debian Med Blend, simplified scientific web applications using the R language, and GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 12.2 as the default system compiler.

This release also includes brand new Emerald artwork, designed (again) by Juliette Taka. This important Debian version also introduces new fonts and provides a command-line tool called fnt for accessing 1,500 fonts that comply with the DFSG (Debian Free Software Guidelines).

"This release adds 11,089 new packages for a total of 64,419 packages, while removing 6,296 obsolete packages. This release updates 43,254 packages. The disk usage of the entire Debian Bookworm is 365,016,420 kB (365 GB), consisting of 1,341,564,204 lines of code," the release announcement states.

Other notable changes include deprecating os-prober in the GRUB boot loader by default to check for existing operating system installations. This mainly affects dual-boot users, who now need to rely on dpkg-reconfigure.

Debian Bookworm also deprecated the use of bash as /bin/sh, removed the libpam-ldap and libnss-ldap packages that are no longer maintained upstream and replaced them with libpam-ldapd and libnss-ldapd, removed tempfile and The rename.ul program (mktemp and file-rename can be used as alternatives), and the systemd journalctl utility instead of rsyslog for viewing logs.

Another deprecated tool is which. The Debian project recommends using command -v when writing shell scripts, and for interactive Bash shell users can use type or type -a. This change will not affect ZSH, CSH and TCSH users.

As with previous versions, Debian 12 supports 32-bit (i386), 64-bit (x86_64), AArch64 (arm64), Armel, ARMhf, MIPS 64-bit little endian (mips64el), MIPS (mipsel), PowerPC 64-bit Little endian (ppc64el), RISC-V (riscv64) and IBM System z (s390x).

Debian 12 "Bookworm" will soon be available as a Live image for download here, with KDE Plasma 5.27 LTS, GNOME 43, Xfce 4.18, Cinnamon 5.6, MATE 1.26, LXDE 11 and LXQt 1.2.0 desktop environments pre-installed. However, these Live images only support 64-bit and 32-bit systems.

Installation images for all supported architectures mentioned above will also be available for download here. Upgrading from Debian 11 "Bullseye" to Debian 12 "Bookworm" is also possible and fairly simple, just follow the official upgrade instructions (don't forget to add the new non-free firmware repository).

Debian 12 "Bookworm" will be supported for five years, until June 2028.

I hope everyone likes this powerful and stable Linux distribution.

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