Getting Started with Linux Mounting: Concepts, Methods, and Commands
Linux系统中，磁盘分区和文件系统是两个重要的概念，它们决定了数据的存储方式和访问方式。但是，要让系统能够识别和使用磁盘分区中的文件系统，还需要一个关键的步骤，那就是挂载。挂载是指将磁盘分区或其他设备与系统中的一个目录关联起来，从而可以通过该目录来访问磁盘分区中的文件和数据。本文将介绍Linux中挂载的基本概念，方法和命令，帮助你更好地管理你的磁盘和文件系统。
需求：需要把系统盘搞到/home 下面。
思考：/home 下面是用户默认的家目录，如果用户家目录有数据是会被覆盖的。找朋友确认是刚安装的系统才开始搞的。更改分区大小首先想到的是lvm，但是看了客户的磁盘信息发现不需要考虑这些，怎么简单怎么来。
查看硬盘信息
[root@localhost /]# fdisk -l 查看硬盘信息 Disk /dev/sda: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00085ef7 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 17803263 8388608 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 17803264 468860927 225528832 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0007a974 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 976773119 488385536 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdd: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000a4688 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sdd2 1026048 468860927 233917440 8e Linux LVM
“
数据的操作是需要非常严谨的，看到了这么多的硬盘，有看到了lvm分区。对于新装的系统我第一感觉是：难道要我修复lvm分区吗？经过和朋友确认发现我想多了，只是挂载，磁盘已经拔掉了。
”
找到对应硬盘分区格式化
磁盘分区
[root@localhost /]# fdisk /dev/sdb \\针对第二块盘分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6511fa23.
Command (m for help): p \\查看已有分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6511fa23
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n \\创建分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p \\主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-468862127, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-468862127, default 468862127):
Using default value 468862127
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 223.6 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p \\查看确认分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6511fa23
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 468862127 234430040 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w \\保存改分区
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
分区格式化
[root@localhost /]# mkfs \\tab 万能操作 mkfs mkfs.btrfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.xfs [root@localhost /]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 格式化sdb1 meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=14651878 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=0 finobt=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=58607510, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=28616, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
查看检查分区
[root@localhost /]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 223.6G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 8G 0 part [SWAP] └─sda3 8:3 0 215.1G 0 part / sdb 8:16 0 223.6G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 223.6G 0 part
挂载分区到”/home”
挂载分区，找到uuid，写入fstab
[root@localhost /]# blkid /dev/sdb1 查看sdb1 的uuid 写入fstab uuid 最稳定 /dev/sdb1 也可以 /dev/sdb1: UUID="ffbd4feb-c55e-40ca-86d3-c43919bd9060" TYPE="xfs" [root@localhost /]# echo "/dev/sdb1: UUID="ffbd4feb-c55e-40ca-86d3-c43919bd9060" TYPE="xfs" " >> /etc/fstab [root@localhost /]# vim /etc/fstab -bash: vim: command not found [root@localhost /]# vi /etc/fstab 写入fstab [root@localhost /]# tail -n 2 /etc/fstab ffbd4feb-c55e-40ca-86d3-c43919bd9060 /home xfs defaults 0 0 #/dev/sdb1 /home xfs defaults 0 0 \\uuid 和 /dev/sdb1 区别？？ [root@localhost /]# mount -a 重新读取配置文件
检查挂载成果，挂载成功！！
[root@localhost /]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 xfs 215G 852M 215G 1% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 8.4M 7.8G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 xfs 497M 119M 378M 24% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sdb1 xfs 224G 33M 224G 1% /home [root@localhost /]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 223.6G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 8G 0 part [SWAP] └─sda3 8:3 0 215.1G 0 part / sdb 8:16 0 223.6G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 223.6G 0 part /home
ok，收工！！
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通过本文，你应该对Linux中的挂载有了一个基本的了解，包括挂载的作用，类型，参数和命令。你也应该掌握了如何查看，添加，删除和修改挂载点的方法，以及如何处理挂载出错的情况。挂载是Linux系统中一个重要而常用的操作，它可以让你灵活地使用不同的磁盘分区和文件系统，提高数据的安全性和效率。希望本文能够对你有所帮助，如果你有任何问题或建议，请在评论区留言。
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