Blockchain browser functions and explanations

What is a block explorer?

Blockchain browser is a tool and website used to search and query blockchain information. It provides users with the ability to browse and query information on the blockchain. Due to the public transparency of the blockchain, users need a medium to view what is happening on the chain, and the blockchain browser is this medium. Users only need to enter the hash value, wallet address or contract address of the transaction in the blockchain browser to query their details.

Common block explorers are:

BTC: https://blockchair.com/bitcoin

BSC: https: //www.bscscan.com/

ETH: https://etherscan.io/

Polygon (Matic): https://polygonscan.com/

wave Field (TRON): https://tronscan.org/#/

Optimism: https://optimistic.etherscan.io/

Heco: https://www.hecoinfo.com /

OKXChain: https://www.oklink.com/okc

Aptos: https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/

Arbitrum: https:// arbiscan.io/

Fantom: https://ftmscan.com/

Avalanche C-Chain: https://avascan.info/

Polkadot: https:/ /explorer.polkascan.io/polkadot

Aurora: https://explorer.aurora.dev/

Moonbeam: https://moonbeam.moonscan.io/

Conflux: https://www.confluxscan.net/

ETC: https://etcblockexplorer.com/

Cosmos: https://atomscan.com/

EOS: https://bloks.io/

Klaytn: https://scope.klaytn.com/

Wax: https://wax.bloks.io/

IOST: https://explorer.iost.io/

Gnosis Chain: https://explorer.poa.network/xdai/mainnet/

Dogecoin: https://dogechain .info/

PlatON: https://scan.platon.network/

Kusama: https://kusama.polkastats.io/

Nova: https:/ /nova.arbiscan.io/

Harmony: https://explorer.harmony.one/

BTTC: https://bttcscan.com/

KCC: https ://explorer.kcc.io/

HALO: https://browser.halo.land/

Filecoin FVM: https://filscan.io/

The following is a detailed explanation

Service

• Etherscan(opens in a new tab)-also supports Chinese, Korean, Russian and Japanese
• Beaconcha.in(opens in a new tab)
• Blockchair(opens in a new tab) - Also supports Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Chinese and Farsi
• Blockscout(opens in a new tab)
• Etherchain(opens in a new tab)
• Ethplorer(opens in a new tab) - Also supports Chinese, Spanish, French, Turkish, Russian, Korean and Vietnamese
• OKLink(opens in a new tab)
• Otterscan(opens in a new tab)
• Rantom(opens in a new tab)
• Sirato(opens in a new tab)
• Ethereum Virtual Machine(opens in a new tab)
• DexGuru Block Explorer(opens in a new tab)

Data

Ethereum is transparent by design and all information can be verified. Block explorers provide an interface for obtaining this information. This applies to Ethereum's mainnet and testnet, if you need this data. The data is divided into execution data and consensus data. Execution data refers to transactions that have been executed within a specific block. Consensus data refers to the blocks themselves and the validators who proposed them.

The following is a summary of the data types you can get from the block explorer.

Execution Data

A new block is added to Ethereum every 12 seconds (unless the block proposer misses the proposal opportunity), so there is a near-steady data flow Added to the block explorer. Blocks contain a lot of important data that you may find useful:

Standard Data

• Block Height – Block number and the length of the blockchain when the current block was created (in blocks)
• Timestamp - The time when the block was proposed
• Transactions - The number of transactions included in the block
• Transaction fee recipient - From the transaction Address to get gas tips
• Block Reward - The amount of Ether awarded to the validator who proposed the block
• Size - The size of the data within the block (in bytes)
• Gas Consumed – The total number of gas units consumed by transactions in the block
• Fuel Limit – The total gas limit set by transactions in the block
• Fuel Base Fee – Required Minimum multiple required for a transaction to be included in a block
• Burn fee - the amount of ether burned within a block
• Other data – any additional data added to the block by miners

Advanced Data

• Hash - represents the cryptographic hash of the block header (the unique identifier of the block)
• Parent Hash - the current block's Hash of previous block
• State Root – The root hash of the Merkle prefix tree that stores the state of the entire system.

Fuel

The block explorer will not only provide you with data about gas usage in transactions and blocks, but also provide you with information about the current gas price of the network . This will help you understand network usage, submit secure transactions and avoid fuel overspending. Look for APIs that can help you get this information into your own product interface. Fuel specific data covers:

• Estimated number of gas units required for safe but slow transactions (along with estimated price and duration)
• Estimated number of gas units required for general transactions (along with estimated price and duration) )
• Estimated number of gas units required for fast trading (along with estimated price and duration)
• Average confirmation time based on gas price
• Contracts that are consuming gas – In other words, popular products that are being heavily used on the network
• accounts that are consuming fuel – in other words, users who frequently use the network

Transactions

area Block explorers have become a popular place for people to track the progress of their transactions, because the level of detail you can get provides additional certainty. Transaction data contains:

Standard data

• Transaction Hash – The hash generated when the transaction is submitted
• Status – Indicates whether the transaction is pending, failed, or successful
• Block – The block containing this transaction
• Timestamp – The time the transaction was mined by the miner
• Sender – The address of the account that submitted the transaction
• Receiver – The address of the recipient or smart contract that interacted with the transaction
• Tokens Transferred – The list of tokens that were transferred as part of the transaction
• Value – The total value of Ether that was transferred
• Transaction Fee – Amount paid to miners for processing transactions (calculated based on gas price * gas used)

Advanced Data

• Fuel Limit – This The maximum number of fuel units that can be consumed by the transaction
• Fuel consumed – The actual number of fuel units consumed by the transaction
• Fuel price – The price set per fuel unit
• Random number – fromThe transaction number of the address (remember, it starts at 0, so the nonce 100 is actually the 101st transaction submitted by this account
• Input data – Any additional information required for trading

Account

You have access to a lot of data about your account. This is why it is recommended to use multiple accounts so that your assets and value transfers are cannot be easily traced. There are also solutions being developed to make transactions and account activity more private. Here is the data available for the account:

User Account

• Account Address - A public address that you can use to send funds
• Ethereum Balance - The amount of Ethereum associated with the account
• Total Ethereum Value - The value of Ethereum
• Tokens - The tokens associated with the account and their values ​​
• Transaction History - A list of all transactions for which this account was the sender or recipient

Smart Contracts

The smart contract account has all the data that the user account will have, but some block explorers will even show some code information. For example:

• Contract Creator - Deploy the contract to the master Network address
• Create transaction - includes transactions deployed to the mainnet
• Source code - solidity or vyper code of the smart contract
• Contract ABI - application binary interface of the contract — Calls issued by the contract and data received
• Contract creation code - Compiled bytecode of the smart contract — Create
• contract events when you compile a smart contract written in Solidity or Vyper, etc. - History of methods called in smart contracts — basically a way to see how a contract is used and how often

Tokens

Tokens are a type of contract, so they Will have similar data to smart contracts. But because they have value and can be traded, they have additional data points:

• Type - follows ERC-20, ERC-721 or other token standards
• Price - if If it is an ERC-20 token, it will have a current market value
• Market Cap - If it is an ERC-20, it will have a market cap (calculated based on price * total supply)
• Total Supply - Number of tokens in circulation
• Holders - Number of addresses holding tokens
• Transfers - Number of times tokens have been transferred between accounts
• Transaction history - Included History of all transactions including the token
• Contract Address - The address of the token deployed to the mainnet
• Decimal - ERC-20 tokens are divisible and have decimal places

NETWORK

Some block data looks at the health of Ethereum more comprehensively.

• Total transaction volume - the number of transactions since the creation of Ethereum
• Transactions per second - the number of transactions that can be processed per second
• Ethereum price - 1 The current market price of Ethereum
• Total Ethereum supply - the number of Ethereum coins in circulation — remember that new Ethereum is created in the form of block rewards with each block Created
• Market Cap - Calculation of Price*Supply

Consensus Layer Data

Period

For security reasons, on each A randomized validator committee is created at the end of the period (every 6.4 minutes). Period data includes:

• Period number
• Final status - whether the period has been completed (yes/no)
• Time - the time when the period ended
• Authentication - the certification in the period Amount (votes against blocks within the slot)
• Deposits - Amount of Ether deposits included in the slot (validators must stake Ether to become a validator)
• Slash - against blocks Penalty amount for proposer or prover
• Voting Participation - Amount of staked ether used to prove a block
• Validators - Number of validators active during the period
• Avg. Validator Balance - The average balance of active validators
• Slots - The number of slots contained in a period (a slot contains a valid block)

Slots

A time slot is an opportunity to create a block. The available data for each time slot includes:

• Period - the period during which the time slot is valid
• Slot number
• Status - The status of the slot (proposed/missing)
• Time - The timestamp of the slot
• Proposer - The validator who proposed the block for this slot
• Block root - the hash tree root of the beacon block
• Parent root - the hash of the previous block
• State root - the hash tree root of the beacon state
• signature
• Randao reveals
• Doodle - Block proposers can include 32-byte long messages in their block proposals
• Execution Data
  • BlockHash
  • Deposit Count
  • Deposit Root
• Authentication – The number of certifications for this block in this slot
• Deposits - The number of deposits in this slot
• Voluntary withdrawal - The number of validators that quit in this slot
• Slash - The number of penalties for block proposers or provers
• Voting - The validators who voted for the block in this slot

Block

Proof of Stake divides time into slots and periods. This means new data!

• Proposer - The validator selected by the algorithm to propose a new block.
• Period - The period during which blocks are proposed.
• Slot - The time slot for proposed blocks.
• Certification - The number of certifications included in the slot - Certification is the same as voting and indicates that the block is ready to enter the beacon chain

Verifier

Verifier Responsible for proposing blocks and proving blocks in time slots.

• Validator number - a unique number representing the validator
• Current balance - the validator's balance including rewards
• Effective balance - the validator's balance for staking The balance of
• Income - the rewards or penalties received by the validator
• Status - whether the validator is currently online and active
• Certification validity - incorporates the validator's certification Average time in chain
• Activation Eligibility - The date (and period) the validator was activated for validation
• Activity Start Time - The date (and period) the validator was activated
• Proposed Block - Block proposed by the validator
• Certification - Certification provided by the validator
• Deposit - Sender address, transaction hash, block number of the validator's pledged deposit , timestamp, amount and status

Authentication

Authentication is like voting “yes” to adding a block to the chain. Their data is related to the certification record and the verifier who made the certification.

• Slot - The time slot during which the authentication took place
• Committee index - The committee index for a given slot
• Aggregation bits - Represents the aggregation of all participating validators in the authentication Certification
• Validator - The validator providing the certification
• Beacon Block Root - Points to the block the validator is proving
• Source - Points to the latest rationalization period
• Target - Point to the latest period boundary
• Signature

Network

The top-level data of the consensus layer includes the following:

• Current period
• Current time slot
• Active validators - the number of active validators
• Pending validators-the number of validators waiting to be activated
• Staking of Ether - The amount of Ether staked in the network
• Average Balance - The average Ether balance of a validator

Block Explorer

• Etherscan (opens in a new tab)-A block explorer that can be used to obtain data from the Ethereum mainnet and Goerli testnet
• Beaconcha.in(opens in a new tab)-Used for the Ethereum mainnet and Goerli testnet Net’s open source block browser
• Blockchair(opens in a new tab)-The most privacy-protecting Ethereum browser. Also used for sorting and filtering (mempool) data
• Etherchain(opens in a new tab)- Block explorer for the Ethereum mainnet
• Ethplorer(opens in a new tab)- Focus Block explorer for Ethereum mainnet and Kovan testnet tokens
• Rantom(opens in a new tab)- is a useful open source DeFi & NFT transaction viewer that provides detailed transaction information .

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