How to use the net/http/httptest.NewTLSServer function in golang to start a temporary HTTPS server

In the daily Go language development process, we often need to start an HTTPS server to test some security-related functions, especially when developing web applications. At this time, we can use the Go language's built-in net/http/httptest.NewTLSServer function to create a temporary HTTPS server for testing.

So, this article will introduce how to use the NewTLSServer function to start a temporary HTTPS server, and also provide specific code examples.

1. How to use

The NewTLSServer function is a function in the net/http/httptest package and can be used to create an HTTP test server. Its function prototype is as follows:

func NewTLSServer(handler http.Handler) *httptest.Server

Among them, the handler parameter is the HTTP request processor, which is used to process HTTP requests and return HTTP responses.

The return value is a pointer of type *httptest.Server, representing the created HTTP test server.

With the NewTLSServer function, we only need to call it as follows to start a temporary HTTPS server:

server := httptest.NewTLSServer(handler)

Among them, handler is an HTTP request processor, which can be defined by ourselves processor or a processor provided by another library.

It should be noted that the HTTPS server created here is a temporary server, and its certificate is temporarily generated, so it should not be used in a real production environment and is only suitable for use in testing and development environments.

2. Specific Example

Now let us use a specific example to demonstrate how to use the NewTLSServer function to start a temporary HTTPS server.

In the sample code, we define an HTTP request processor to process HTTP requests and return HTTP responses. In the test function, we create a temporary HTTPS server, then send an HTTP request to it and print out the contents of the HTTP response.

The specific code is as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
)

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello World!")
}

func test() {
    server := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(handler))
    defer server.Close()

    resp, err := server.Client().Get(server.URL)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()

    fmt.Println(resp.Status)
    fmt.Println(resp.Header)
    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

func main() {
    test()
}

In the above code, we first define an HTTP request processor handler to process HTTP requests and return HTTP responses. It receives two parameters: a parameter w of type http.ResponseWriter, used to write HTTP response data; a parameter r of type *http.Request, used to save HTTP request data.

In the handler function, we simply write a line of text string "Hello World!" to the HTTP response.

Next, we define a test function. In the test function, we use the NewTLSServer function to create a temporary HTTPS server and pass the handler function we defined to it as a parameter. Then, we call server.Client().Get(server.URL) to send an HTTP GET request to this HTTPS server and save the HTTP response data. Finally, we output the status code, response headers and response content of the HTTP response.

When we run this program, the output should be:

200 OK
map[Content-Length:[12] Content-Type:[text/plain; charset=utf-8]]
Hello World!

This indicates that we have successfully started a temporary HTTPS server and can send HTTP requests to it with success Get the HTTP response.

3. Conclusion

Through this article, we learned how to use the net/http/httptest.NewTLSServer function of the Go language to start a temporary HTTPS server. We also provide a concrete code example that demonstrates how to use the NewTLSServer function to build an HTTP request handler and send some HTTP requests to it. The sample code provided in this article is for reference only, and you can modify and use it according to your own needs.

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