How to perform system security scanning and vulnerability assessment on Linux systems

Linux system is currently the mainstream operating system running in servers and cloud environments. However, with the rapid development of the Internet, Linux systems are facing more and more security threats. Therefore, the system Security scanning and vulnerability assessment are particularly necessary. This article will introduce how to use common tools to perform security scanning and vulnerability assessment of Linux systems, while providing detailed and actionable code examples.

1. Install necessary tools

Before performing system security scanning and vulnerability assessment, you need to install several necessary tools. In Linux, we can use apt-get or yum to install these tools.

sudo apt-get install nmap
sudo apt-get install openvas

2. Use Nmap for security scanning

Nmap is the most common command line tool used for system security scanning. We can use a simple command line to scan the entire network, or specify some hosts to scan.

nmap 192.168.1.1-254 # 扫描整个网络范围
nmap 192.168.1.1 # 扫描单个主机
nmap -sS 192.168.1.1 # 扫描时使用SYN扫描技术

You can adjust parameters as needed, such as using different TCP scanning technologies or UDP scanning technologies to detect host and service information in the network.

3. Using OpenVAS for Vulnerability Assessment

OpenVAS is a web-based vulnerability assessment system that can identify and evaluate various security vulnerabilities and provide recommendations and repair solutions. After installing OpenVAS, you need to configure some parameters, then start the openvas service, and open the web interface for vulnerability scanning.

# 安装服务
sudo openvas-setup
# 启动服务
sudo systemctl start openvas-scanner.service
sudo systemctl start openvas-manager.service
sudo systemctl start greenbone-security-assistant.service
# 打开web界面进行扫描
https://127.0.0.1:9392

In the OpenVAS interface, you can create tasks and select scan targets, and then set vulnerability assessment options and policies. After starting the scan, wait for the vulnerability scan to complete and analyze the report.

Summary

By using the two tools Nmap and OpenVAS, you can conduct a comprehensive security scan and vulnerability assessment on the Linux system. In actual operation, we need to choose the appropriate scanning technology and strategy according to our own needs, and conduct appropriate analysis and processing of the scanning results. Of course, in the process of continuous learning and practice, we can also use more tools and technologies to further improve our security capabilities.

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