The perfect combination of Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB: best practices for deploying PHP applications

The perfect combination of Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB: Best practices for deploying PHP applications

Introduction:
In modern web application development, use Containerization technology has become a trend. Containerization technology can package an application and its dependencies into a single container, so that the application can run in any environment that supports containerization technology. Docker is currently the most popular containerization technology, which can simplify the deployment, management and expansion of applications.

For web applications developed using PHP, we can use Docker Compose to manage multiple containers, including Nginx, PHP, and databases. This article will introduce how to use Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB to deploy and manage a PHP application, and provide specific code examples.

1. Install Docker and Docker Compose
   First, we need to install Docker and Docker Compose on the host. You can visit the Docker official website (https://www.docker.com/) to download and install. After the installation is complete, we can confirm whether Docker is installed correctly by running the following command:

   docker --version
   docker-compose --version

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2. Create a Docker Compose file
   Create a file named docker-compose in the root directory of the project .yml file used to define the application's services and corresponding configuration. The following is an example of a simple docker-compose.yml file:

   version: '3'
   services:
     web:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - 80:80
    volumes:
      - ./src:/var/www/html
    depends_on:
      - db
     db:
    image: mariadb
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
      MYSQL_DATABASE: mydb
      MYSQL_USER: user
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: password
    volumes:
      - db-data:/var/lib/mysql
   volumes:
     db-data:

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   The above docker-compose.yml file defines two services, one is a web service for running Nginx and PHP, and the other is a db Service for running MariaDB. The web service exposes port 80 to the external host and maps the src folder in the project directory to the /var/www/html directory in the container. The db service sets MariaDB's environment variables and data volumes for persistent storage of database data.

3. Create Dockerfile
   In order to build the custom image required for the web service, we need to create a file named Dockerfile in the project directory. The following is an example of a simple Dockerfile:

   FROM php:7.4-fpm
   RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql
   WORKDIR /var/www/html

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   The above Dockerfile is based on the official php:7.4-fpm image, has the pdo_mysql extension installed, and sets the working directory to /var/www/html.

4. Start the container
   Execute the following command in the root directory of the project to start the container:

   docker-compose up -d

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   By running the above command, Docker will follow the docker-compose.yml file The configuration in starts the web and db services. The -d parameter indicates running the container in background mode.

5. Configuring Nginx
   In order for Nginx to correctly forward requests to the PHP application in the web service, we need to add the following configuration items to the Nginx configuration:

   server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    root /var/www/html;
    index index.php index.html;
   
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }
   
    location ~ .php$ {
        fastcgi_pass web:9000;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
   }

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   The above configuration file forwards the request to the PHP-FPM process running in the web service and passes PHP-related environment variables to PHP-FPM.

6. Write PHP application
   Write PHP application code in the src folder under the project directory. Here we take a simple Hello World program as an example:

   <?php
   echo "Hello World!";

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7. Access the application
   You can view the running PHP application in the browser by accessing http://localhost.

Summary:
By using a combination of Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB, we can easily deploy and manage PHP applications. Docker Compose provides a simple and powerful way to define and run multiple containers, Nginx as a web server can handle a large number of concurrent requests, and MariaDB provides a stable and reliable database service. We hope that through the introduction and examples in this article, readers can better understand and apply these technologies and benefit from them in actual projects.

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