How to validate route parameters in Laravel?

In Laravel, routes are defined in the paths/ folder. Routes are defined in the web.php file. This file is created after laravel installation is complete. Laravel routing accepts URIs and closure functions as shown below -

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
Route::get('/student', function () {
   return 'Hello Student';
});

Routes defined in web/routes.php are assigned to the web middleware group, and they Has session state and CSRF protection. You can also call the controller in the route As follows -

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use App\Http\Controllers\StudentController;
Route::get('student', [StudentController::class, 'index']);

The following are the routing methods you can use in your application:

• Route::get($ uri, $callback function or controller);

• Route::post($uri, $callback function or controller);

• Route::put($uri, $callback function or controller);

• Route::patch($uri, $callback function or controller);

• Route::delete($uri, $callback function or controller);

• Route::options($uri, $callback function or controller);

Routing parameter verification

Route parameters are enclosed in curly braces, and the name given contains alphanumeric characters. In addition to alphanumeric characters, you can use underscores when selecting routing parameter names.

grammar

The syntax of routing parameters is as follows −

Route::get('/user/{myid}', function ($myid) {
   //
});

Here myid is the routing parameter we want to use further.

Multiple routing parameters

You can have multiple route parameters as shown in the syntax below.

Route::get('/students/{post}/feedbacks/{feedback}', function ($postId, $feedbackId) {
   //
});

In the above case, there are two routing parameters: {post} and {feedback}

Optional parameters

You can also add optional parameters to the route. Optional parameters are not always available and are indicated by ? after the parameter. The syntax of optional parameters is as follows −

Route::get('/students/{myname?}', function ($myname = null) {
   return $myname;
});

Here myname is an optional parameter.

Laravel has some methods to help validate parameters. They are where(), whereNumber(), whereAlpha() and whereAlphaNumeric().

Example 1

Example 1

Use where() method

where()The method is defined on the route and it will accept the parameter name and the validation applied to the parameter. If there are multiple parameters, it will be accepted as an array, where the keys are the parameter names and the values ​​are the validation rules to be applied to the keys.

Route::get('/student/{studentname}', function ($studentname) {
   return $studentname;
})->where('studentname', '[A-Za-z]+');

Output

The output is −

disha

In the above case, the student's name must contain A-Z or a-z or a mixture of both. So the following are valid URLs -

http://localhost:8000/student/DISHA
http://localhost:8000/student/dishaSingh.

Invalid URL -

http://localhost:8000/student/dishaSingh123

Example 2

Now let us check multiple parameters using where() method.

Route::get('/student/{studentid}/{studentname}', function ($studentid, $studentname){
   return $studentid."===".$studentname;
})->where(['studentid' => '[0-9]+', 'studentname' => '[a-z]+']);

Output

The above output is −

12===disha

The above valid URL is −

http://localhost:8000/student/12/disha
http://localhost:8000/student/01/disha

Invalid URL -

http://localhost:8000/student/01/DISHA
http://localhost:8000/student/abcd/disha

Use whereNumber()

Example

You need to pass the route parameters that you want to have valid values ​​only -

Route::get('/student/{studentid}/{studentname}', function ($studentid, $studentname) {
   return $studentid."===".$studentname;
})->whereNumber('studentid')->where('studentname','[a-z]+');

Output

The output of the above code is −

12===disha

Use whereAlpha()

Example

You need to pass the route parameter you wish to have an alpha value -

Route::get('/student/{studentid}/{studentname}', function ($studentid, $studentname) {
   return $studentid."===".$studentname;
})->whereNumber('studentid')->whereAlpha('studentname');

Output

The output of the above code is −

12===dishaSingh

Use whereAlphaNumeric()

Example

You need to pass the route parameters you want to have alphanumeric values ​​−

Route::get('/student/{studentid}/{studentname}', function ($studentid, $studentname) {
   return $studentid."===".$studentname;
})->whereNumber('studentid')->whereAlphaNumeric ('studentname');

Output

The output will be -

12===dishaSingh122

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