#Analysis of black box testing and white box testing technology of PHP code testing function
Introduction:
Testing is very important when developing and maintaining PHP applications of a link. Through testing, we can verify the correctness, stability, and security of the code, thereby improving the quality of the application. This article will focus on the PHP code testing function, focusing on two commonly used testing techniques, black box testing and white box testing, and will provide some code examples to deepen understanding.
1. Black box testing
Black box testing is a functional testing method. It treats the program under test as a black box and only cares about input and output without caring about the internal implementation details of the program. Three commonly used techniques for black box testing include equivalence class division, boundary value analysis and error speculation.
Example 1:
/** * 判断输入年份是否为闰年(能被4整除但不能被100整除,或者能被400整除) * * @param int $year * @return bool */ function isLeapYear($year) { if (($year % 4 == 0 && $year % 100 != 0) || $year % 400 == 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } // 测试用例 assert(isLeapYear(2000) === true); // 基本等价类:2000为能被400整除的年份,属于闰年 assert(isLeapYear(1900) === false); // 基本等价类:1900为能被100整除但不能被400整除的年份,不属于闰年 assert(isLeapYear(2020) === true); // 附加等价类:2020为能被4整除但不能被100整除的年份,属于闰年 assert(isLeapYear(2021) === false); // 附加等价类:2021为既不能被4整除也不能被100整除的年份,不属于闰年
Example 2:
/** * 判断输入的数值是否在范围内 * * @param int $number * @return bool */ function isInRange($number) { if ($number >= 10 && $number <= 100) { return true; } else { return false; } } // 测试用例 assert(isInRange(5) === false); // 边界情况:最小边界值,不在范围内 assert(isInRange(10) === true); // 边界情况:最小边界值,正好在范围内 assert(isInRange(50) === true); // 正常情况:在范围内 assert(isInRange(100) === true); // 边界情况:最大边界值,正好在范围内 assert(isInRange(200) === false); // 边界情况:最大边界值,不在范围内
Example 3:
/** * 判断输入的字符串是否为有效的邮箱地址 * * @param string $email * @return bool */ function isValidEmail($email) { if (filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { return true; } else { return false; } } // 测试用例 assert(isValidEmail('abc@domain.com') === true); // 正常情况:有效的邮箱地址 assert(isValidEmail('abc@domain.') === false); // 异常情况:无效的邮箱地址,缺少顶级域名 assert(isValidEmail('abc@@domain.com') === false); // 异常情况:无效的邮箱地址,多个@符号 assert(isValidEmail('abc@domain') === false); // 异常情况:无效的邮箱地址,缺少顶级域名
2. White-box testing
White-box testing is a structural testing method that focuses on the implementation details inside the program. By understanding the program structure and logic, design appropriate test cases to verify the execution of each branch and path. There are three commonly used techniques for white box testing: statement coverage, decision coverage and condition coverage.
Example 4:
/** * 计算两个数的和 * * @param int $a * @param int $b * @return int */ function sum($a, $b) { if ($a > $b) { return $a + $b; } else { return $b; } } // 测试用例 assert(sum(3, 5) === 8); // 正常情况:$a > $b assert(sum(5, 3) === 8); // 正常情况:$a < $b assert(sum(5, 5) === 5); // 边界情况:$a = $b
Example 5:
/** * 判断输入的数值是否为正数 * * @param int $number * @return bool */ function isPositive($number) { if ($number > 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } // 测试用例 assert(isPositive(5) === true); // 正常情况:正数 assert(isPositive(0) === false); // 边界情况:零不是正数 assert(isPositive(-5) === false); // 正常情况:负数不是正数
Example 6:
/** * 判断输入的两个数值是否相等 * * @param int $a * @param int $b * @return bool */ function isEqual($a, $b) { if ($a == $b || $a - $b < 1e-6) { return true; } else { return false; } } // 测试用例 assert(isEqual(5, 5) === true); // 正常情况:两个数值相等 assert(isEqual(5, 4.999999) === true); // 正常情况:两个数值相差很小 assert(isEqual(5, 4) === false); // 正常情况:两个数值不相等
Conclusion:
Through the introduction of this article, we have learned about the black box testing and white box testing techniques commonly used in PHP code testing. Black box testing focuses on input and output, and designs test cases through equivalence class division, boundary value analysis, and error speculation. White-box testing focuses on the internal structure and designs test cases through statement coverage, decision coverage and condition coverage. By employing appropriate testing techniques, we are able to test PHP code more comprehensively and improve the quality and stability of our applications.
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