Error handling in Golang: Design specifications for error codes and error messages

Error handling in Golang: Design specifications for error codes and error messages

Problem background
In the process of writing Golang programs, error handling is a very important aspects. A good error handling mechanism can help us better locate and solve problems, and improve the stability and maintainability of the program. In Golang, there are many ways to handle errors. One of the common ways is to use error codes and error messages to describe and convey error information. This article will introduce how to standardly design error codes and error messages in Golang, and give corresponding code examples.

Design specifications for error codes
In Golang, error codes are usually represented by a custom enumeration type. This enumeration type defines a set of preset error codes, each error code has a unique identifier and corresponding error message. The following is an example definition of an error code:

type ErrorCode int

const (
    UnknownError ErrorCode = iota + 1
    ValidationError
    DatabaseError
    NetworkError
    ...
)

In this example, we define several common error codes, such as "UnknownError" representing an unknown error, "ValidationError" representing a parameter validation error, "DatabaseError" Represents database operation error, "NetworkError" represents network connection error, etc. By defining a set of reusable error codes, we can better organize and classify error information, making it easier for developers to understand and process.

Design specifications for error messages
In addition to the error code, each error also needs to contain corresponding error information. The design of error messages needs to follow the following specifications:

1. Error messages should be readable and concise, and be able to clearly describe the cause of the error and the context in which it occurred.
2. Error messages should be customizable and localizable, and can be modified and translated according to actual needs.
3. A good error message should contain enough information to facilitate troubleshooting and problem solving.

The following is an example definition of an error message:

type ErrorMessage struct {
    Code    ErrorCode
    Message string
}

In this example, we define a structure "ErrorMessage" that contains the error code and corresponding error message. By combining error messages and error codes, the type and specific cause of the error can be better described.

Sample code for error handling
The following is a simple sample code that demonstrates how to use error codes and error messages to handle errors:

func getUserInfo(userID int) (string, error) {
    if userID <= 0 {
        return "", ErrorMessage{ValidationError, "Invalid userID"}
    }

    user, err := getUserFromDB(userID)
    if err != nil {
        return "", ErrorMessage{DatabaseError, err.Error()}
    }

    return user.Name, nil
}

// 调用 getUserInfo 函数
name, err := getUserInfo(101)
if err != nil {
    fmt.Printf("Error occurred. Code: %d, Message: %s
", err.(ErrorMessage).Code, err.(ErrorMessage).Message)
} else {
    fmt.Printf("User name: %s
", name)
}

In this example, we define A "getUserInfo" function to obtain user information from the database based on the user ID. If the user ID is invalid, a "ValidationError" error code and corresponding error information are returned; if an error occurs during database operation, a "DatabaseError" error code and the error information returned by the database are returned. After calling the "getUserInfo" function, we determine whether an error occurred by judging the returned error, and print out the corresponding error code and error message.

Summary
Error handling is an important part of writing reliable and stable programs. Reasonably designing error codes and error messages can help us better locate and solve problems. In Golang, error handling can be made more standardized and easy to understand by using error codes and error messages to describe and convey error information. In actual development work, reasonable use of error codes and error messages can improve the maintainability and readability of the program.

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