Disk IO performance optimization method for building a web server under CentOS 7

Abstract: This article will introduce how to build and optimize the disk IO performance of a web server under the CentOS 7 operating system. By properly configuring the operating system and hardware parameters and using some technical means, the server's disk IO performance can be greatly improved, thereby improving the website's response speed and throughput.

1. Optimize the file system
   First, we need to optimize the file system of the server. In CentOS 7, the default file system for servers is EXT4, but it is not the most suitable file system for server applications. We can consider using the XFS file system, which is better at handling large files and a large number of small files.

When installing CentOS 7, we can choose manual partitioning and select the XFS file system as the file system of the root partition. If you have already installed CentOS 7, you can do this by reformatting the root partition and changing it to the XFS file system.

The command to install XFS is as follows:

yum install xfsprogs

The command to change the root partition to the XFS file system is as follows:

mkfs.xfs /dev/ sda1

2. Configuring the disk scheduler
   The disk scheduler determines the execution order of disk IO requests. Different disk schedulers have different performance impacts on different application scenarios and hardware configurations. In CentOS 7, we can choose to change the disk scheduler to improve the server's disk IO performance.

Common disk schedulers include CFQ, Deadline and NOOP. In server applications, deadline schedulers tend to have better performance. We can change the disk scheduler by modifying the following file:

vi /etc/udev/rules.d/60-schedulers.rules

Add the following content:

set cfq scheduler for sda

ACTION=="add|change", KERNEL=="sda", ATTR{queue/scheduler}="deadline"

Then, restart the server for the changes to take effect .

3. Configuring RAID
   RAID technology can improve disk IO read and write performance and fault tolerance by combining multiple disks into one logical drive. In CentOS 7, we can configure software RAID to achieve this purpose.

First, we need to install the mdadm tool:

yum install mdadm

Then, use the following command to create RAID 0 or RAID 10:

mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

After the creation is completed, we need to format and mount the RAID device:

mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0

mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid

In order to automatically mount the RAID device when the system starts, we need to modify the following files:

vi /etc/fstab

Add the following:

/dev/md0 /mnt/raid ext4 defaults 0 0

4. Use SSD
   Solid State Drive (SSD) has faster reading and writing speeds than traditional mechanical hard drives. Therefore, when building a web server, if the budget allows, we can consider using SSD to improve disk IO performance.

The operating system and key applications can be installed on the SSD, while the data is stored on the traditional mechanical hard drive. This can reduce costs while ensuring reading speed.

5. Use caching technology
   Cache technology can convert disk IO read and write operations into memory operations, greatly improving the response speed. In CentOS 7, we can use tools such as Redis or Memcached to implement caching.

Taking Redis as an example, first we need to install the Redis server:

yum install redis

Then, we need to modify the following files to enable the caching function of Redis:

vi /etc/redis.conf

Find the following line and modify it:

maxmemory

maxmemory-policy noeviction

Change it to:

maxmemory 1GB
maxmemory-policy volatile-lru

Restart Redis for the modification to take effect.

Conclusion:
By properly configuring the file system, disk scheduler, RAID, using SSD and caching technology, we can effectively improve the disk IO performance of the web server under CentOS 7. By optimizing disk IO performance, we can improve the server's response speed and throughput, thereby improving user experience.

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