Start from scratch: A complete guide to building a web server on CentOS

1. Install the CentOS operating system
To build a web server, you first need to install the operating system. This article uses CentOS as an example. Download and install the CentOS operating system, select the latest version of CentOS. After completing the installation, ensure that the system has been properly configured for network connections.
2. Install LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) environment

1. Install Apache
   Execute the following command in the terminal to install Apache:
   sudo yum install httpd
   After the installation is complete, start Apache:
   sudo systemctl start httpd
   At this time, you can enter the IP address of the server in the browser. If the Apache welcome page appears, it means the installation is successful.
2. Install MySQL
   Execute the following command in the terminal to install MySQL:
   sudo yum install mariadb-server
   After the installation is complete, start MySQL:
   sudo systemctl start mariadb
   Then run the following command to configure MySQL security:
   sudo mysql_secure_installation
   Follow the prompts to configure. It is recommended to set the root user's password to a complex string and prohibit anonymous user access. After the configuration is complete, restart MySQL:
   sudo systemctl restart mariadb
3. Install PHP
   Execute the following command in the terminal to install PHP and its related modules:
   sudo yum install php php-mysql php -gd php-pear
   After the installation is complete, restart Apache:
   sudo systemctl restart httpd
   3. Basic configuration

4. Modify the Apache configuration file
   Open the main configuration of Apache file, open /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf using any text editor. Find the following line and modify it:

   ServerName www.example.com:80

   Change "www.example.com" to your domain name or server IP address. Save the file and exit.

5. Firewall Settings
   If your CentOS system has enabled the firewall, you need to add rules to allow HTTP and HTTPS traffic to pass. Execute the following command in the terminal:
   sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
   sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
   Reload the firewall rules:
   sudo firewall-cmd --reload
   4. Website deployment and management
6. Create website directory
   Create a new directory under the /var/www/html directory as your website root Table of contents. For example, execute the following command to create a directory named mywebsite:
   sudo mkdir /var/www/html/mywebsite
7. Set file permissions
   Execute the following command to set the owner of the website directory to User and group for the Apache process:
   sudo chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/mywebsite
8. Writing website code
   Write your website code through any text editor and then put It is saved to the mywebsite directory.
9. Configuring virtual host
   Open Apache’s virtual host configuration file /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtualhost.conf and use the following code example as a reference:
   
   ServerAdmin webmaster@mywebsite.com
   DocumentRoot /var/www/html/mywebsite
   ServerName mywebsite.com
   ServerAlias www.mywebsite.com
   ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/mywebsite_error.log
   CustomLog /var/log/httpd/mywebsite_access.log combined
   
   Save the file and exit. Then restart Apache:
   sudo systemctl restart httpd

5. Test website
Enter your server IP address or domain name in the browser. If you can see your website page, Indicates that the website is successfully built.

6. Conclusion
Through the guide in this article, you have learned how to build a web server on CentOS from scratch. These are the necessary steps to build a basic web server. I hope this article can help you. If you are deploying your website into a production environment, ensure proper security configuration and performance optimization.

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