How to implement heterogeneous and homogeneous replication of data in MySQL?

How to implement heterogeneous and homogeneous replication of data in MySQL?

Introduction:
In modern software development, database replication is a very important function. It can realize data backup, data read-write separation and high availability requirements. As one of the most popular relational databases, MySQL provides a variety of replication methods to meet the needs of different scenarios. This article will introduce how to implement heterogeneous and isomorphic replication of data in MySQL, and attach corresponding code examples.

1. Heterogeneous replication of MySQL data
Heterogeneous replication refers to copying the MySQL database to other types of databases, such as copying the MySQL database to Oracle or SQL Server. In order to implement heterogeneous replication, you need to use the tools Dumper and Loader provided by MySQL.

1.1 Install Dumper and Loader
Execute the following command to install MySQL Utilities:

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-utilities

1.2 Use Dumper to export MySQL data

$ mysqldump --databases  --user= --password= > dumpfile.sql

Among them, is to be exported The database name, and are the username and password to connect to the database, and dumpfile.sql is the exported data file.

1.3 Use Loader to import data into the target database

$ mysql  -u  -p  < dumpfile.sql

Among them, is the name of the target database, and are the username and password to connect to the target database. dumpfile.sql is the exported data file.

2. Homogeneous replication of MySQL data
Homogeneous replication refers to replicating the MySQL database to the same MySQL database or MySQL master-slave replication. MySQL master-slave replication is the most common database replication method, which can realize data backup and read-write separation. The following uses MySQL master-slave replication as an example to illustrate.

2.1 Configure the main database
Configure the following in the my.cnf configuration file of the main database:

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin

Set server-id to 1 to identify the main database, log-bin uses To enable binary logging.

2.2 Create a replication user
Log in to MySQL and execute the following SQL statement to create a replication user:

CREATE USER 'replication'@'slave_ip' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication'@'slave_ip';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Among them, slave_ip is the IP address of the slave database, and password is the password of the replication user.

2.3 Export main database data
Execute the following command on the main database to export data:

$ mysqldump --all-databases --single-transaction --master-data=1 > dumpfile.sql

Among them, --all-databases means to export all databases, and --single-transaction is used for To maintain the consistency of exported data, --master-data=1 is used to add replication information to the exported data.

2.4 Configure the slave database
Configure the following in the my.cnf configuration file of the slave database:

[mysqld]
server-id=2

Set server-id to 2 to identify the slave database.

2.5 Import the master database data to the slave database
Execute the following command on the slave database to import the data:

$ mysql -u  -p  < dumpfile.sql

Among them, and are used to connect to the slave database. Username and password, dumpfile.sql is the exported data file.

2.6 Start master-slave replication
Execute the following command on the slave database to start master-slave replication:

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='master_ip', MASTER_USER='replication', MASTER_PASSWORD='password', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=XXX;
START SLAVE;

Among them, master_ip is the IP address of the master database, password is the password of the replication user, mysql-bin.000001 is the binary log file of the master database, and XXX is the log location of the master database obtained through SHOW MASTER STATUS.

Conclusion:
Through the tools Dumper and Loader provided by MySQL, we can realize heterogeneous replication of MySQL database to other types of databases; and through MySQL master-slave replication, we can realize MySQL database to the same MySQL Homogeneous replication of databases. According to different needs, it is very important to choose the appropriate replication method. I hope the introduction and examples in this article can help readers better understand and apply the data replication function in MySQL.

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