Keep-Alive configuration and performance optimization method of http.Transport in Go language

Keep-Alive configuration and performance optimization method of http.Transport in Go language

When using Go language for network programming, we often use http.Transport to send HTTP requests. Among them, http.Transport provides the Keep-Alive function, which can reuse TCP connections between multiple requests, thereby improving performance. This article will introduce how to configure Keep-Alive of http.Transport in Go language and give some performance optimization methods.

1. Configure Keep-Alive

By default, http.Transport will enable the Keep-Alive function and use the default timeout for configuration. We can modify the default configuration by setting certain parameters of http.Transport.

1. Set the maximum number of idle connections

In http.Transport, there is a parameter MaxIdleConnsPerHost, which is used to set the maximum number of idle connections for each host. By default, the value is 2.

transport := &http.Transport{
    MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 10,
}

By setting MaxIdleConnsPerHost to a larger value, the reuse rate of the connection can be increased, thereby reducing the overhead of establishing a connection each time.

2. Set the timeout of Keep-Alive

In http.Transport, there is an IdleConnTimeout parameter, which is used to set the timeout of the Keep-Alive connection. By default, this value is 0, which means never times out.

transport := &http.Transport{
    IdleConnTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
}

Setting the value of IdleConnTimeout can prevent the connection from being occupied for a long time and unable to be reused. Generally speaking, setting IdleConnTimeout to a reasonable value, such as 30 seconds, can balance the issues of Keep-Alive reusability and resource usage.

3. Turn off Keep-Alive

Sometimes, we don’t need to use the Keep-Alive function and can turn it off directly. In http.Transport, there is a parameter DisableKeepAlives, which is used to control whether Keep-Alive is turned on.

transport := &http.Transport{
    DisableKeepAlives: true,
}

The Keep-Alive feature can be disabled by setting DisableKeepAlives to true so that the connection is re-established with every request.

2. Performance optimization

In addition to configuring Keep-Alive to improve performance, you can also further optimize through other methods.

1. Reuse http.Transport

It is safe to share an http.Transport object between multiple goroutines, so you can put it in a global variable and Reused on every request.

var transport = &http.Transport{
    MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 10,
    IdleConnTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
}

func main() {
    // 使用transport发送请求
}

By reusing the http.Transport object, the overhead of creating a new object for each request is avoided and performance is improved.

2. Reduce the number of DNS resolutions

In http.Transport, there is a parameter DisableKeepAlives, which is used to control whether Keep-Alive is turned on. The Keep-Alive feature can be disabled by setting DisableKeepAlives to true so that the connection is re-established on every request.

transport := &http.Transport{
    DisableKeepAlives: true,
}

client := &http.Client{
    Transport: transport,
}

// 发送多个请求
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
    req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "https://example.com", nil)
    _, _ = client.Do(req)
}

By disabling the Keep-Alive function, DNS resolution can be re-resolved every time a request is made, thus avoiding DNS resolution problems caused by connection reuse.

In summary, by properly configuring the Keep-Alive parameters of http.Transport and taking some performance optimization methods, we can improve the performance of network programming in the Go language. Of course, specific optimization strategies will vary depending on the actual situation and need to be analyzed and adjusted based on specific business needs. I hope this article can help readers optimize performance in Go language network programming.

func main() {
    transport := &http.Transport{
        MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 10,
        IdleConnTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
    }
    
    client := &http.Client{
        Transport: transport,
    }
    
    // 发送多个请求
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "https://example.com", nil)
        _, _ = client.Do(req)
    }
}

I hope this article can help readers optimize performance in Go language network programming.

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