Connection timeout configuration and best practices of http.Transport in Go language

Connection timeout configuration and best practices of http.Transport in Go language

In Go language, using http.Transport to make HTTP requests is a very common operation. In actual applications, we often encounter situations where we need to configure connection timeout. This article will introduce how to use http.Transport for connection timeout configuration and give some best practices.

First of all, we need to understand the basic usage of http.Transport. http.Transport is a library in Go that manages the low-level transport parts of HTTP and HTTPS. It provides some configuration options such as connection timeout, read timeout, write timeout, etc.

Before using http.Transport, we first need to create an http.Client object. http.Client provides some advanced methods, such as Get, Post, etc., to simplify the operation of HTTP requests. When creating an http.Client object, we can specify an http.Transport object to configure it.

The following is a simple sample code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    transport := &http.Transport{
        // 设置连接超时时间为5秒
        DialTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
    }

    client := &http.Client{
        Transport: transport,
    }

    resp, err := client.Get("https://www.example.com")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("HTTP请求失败：", err)
        return
    }

    defer resp.Body.Close()

    fmt.Println("HTTP响应码：", resp.StatusCode)
}

In the above example, we create an http.Transport object and set the connection timeout to 5 seconds. Then we created an http.Client object and assigned the previously created http.Transport object to its Transport property. Finally, we initiate a GET request using the client.Get method. If the request is successful, an HTTP response code is output.

In addition to the connection timeout, you can also configure the read timeout and write timeout. For example, we can set the considered read timeout to 10 seconds and the write timeout to 5 seconds. The sample code is as follows:

transport := &http.Transport{
    DialTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
    MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 10,
    ResponseHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
    IdleConnTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
}

client := &http.Client{
    Transport: transport,
    Timeout: 10 * time.Second,
}

resp, err := client.Get("https://www.example.com")

In the above example, in addition to setting the connection timeout, we also set the maximum number of idle connections, response header timeout, idle connection timeout and total timeout. These configurations can be adjusted according to actual needs.

Finally, we need to note that http.Transport is thread-safe and can be shared by multiple goroutines. But http.Client is not thread-safe, and each goroutine should have its own http.Client instance.

To summarize, by configuring the connection timeout of http.Transport, we can optimize the performance and reliability of HTTP requests. Properly configuring the connection timeout can avoid request congestion caused by network delays. In practice, we can also configure read timeout and write timeout according to specific situations. I hope this article can help you better use http.Transport for connection timeout configuration and best practices.

The above is the detailed content of Connection timeout configuration and best practices of http.Transport in Go language. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!