Use php-fpm process management to achieve load balancing

Use php-fpm process management to achieve load balancing

With the increasing complexity of Internet applications and the increase in the number of users, load balancing has become an indispensable technology. The goal of load balancing is to distribute traffic to multiple servers to improve system stability and performance. In PHP applications, php-fpm (PHP FastCGI Process Manager) is a common process management tool that can be used to achieve load balancing and provides flexible configuration options.

This article will introduce how to use the php-fpm process management tool to achieve load balancing and provide some code examples.

1. Install php-fpm

First, you need to ensure that php-fpm has been installed on the server. You can check whether php-fpm has been installed by running the following command:

$ php-fpm -v

If you see output similar to the following, php-fpm has been installed successfully:

PHP 7.4.9 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Jul 16 2020 21:48:32)

If php-fpm is not installed, You can install it through the following command:

$ sudo apt-get install php-fpm

2. Configure php-fpm

Before implementing load balancing, you need to configure php-fpm. It mainly includes the following aspects:

1. Virtual host configuration

In the /etc/php/{version}/fpm/pool.d/ directory, create a new name It is the configuration file of vhost1.conf, used to configure the virtual host. The sample configuration is as follows:

[vhost1]
user = www-data
group = www-data
listen = /var/run/php/vhost1.sock
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data

Among them, user and group specify the user and group where the virtual host runs; listen specifies the socket path for php-fpm to listen to.

2. Process management configuration

In the /etc/php/{version}/fpm/pool.d/ directory, find the configuration file named www.conf. Used to configure process management. The sample configuration is as follows:

[www]
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 10
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3

Among them, the pm configuration item specifies the process management mode as dynamic mode; pm.max_children specifies the maximum number of child processes; pm.start_servers specifies the number of startup child processes; pm.min_spare_servers and pm.max_spare_servers specifies the number of idle child processes.

3. Other configuration items

In addition to the above two main configurations, you can also configure some other options according to actual needs, such as memory limits, timeouts, etc.

3. Implement load balancing

After the configuration of php-fpm is completed, you can use it to achieve load balancing. The specific steps are as follows:

1. In the configuration of web servers such as nginx, configure reverse proxy to multiple php-fpm sockets. The example is as follows:

location / {
    proxy_pass unix:/var/run/php/vhost1.sock;
}

location /vhost2/ {
    proxy_pass unix:/var/run/php/vhost2.sock;
}

2. Start the php-fpm process

$ sudo systemctl start php7.4-fpm

3. Test the load balancing effect

You can test the load balancing effect by writing a simple PHP script. The sample code is as follows ：

<?php
echo "Hello, World!
";
echo "Server IP: " . $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'] . "
";
?>

4. Summary

This article introduces the method of using php-fpm process management to achieve load balancing, and provides some configuration examples and code examples. By properly configuring the php-fpm process management tool and web server, load balancing can be achieved and the stability and performance of the system can be improved. In practical applications, it can also be combined with other technologies, such as caching, database sharding, etc., to further optimize the load balancing effect.

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