Detailed explanation and optimization strategy of php-fpm request processing process

php-fpm request processing process detailed explanation and optimization strategy

1. Introduction
In web application development, PHP is a very popular server-side scripting language. And php-fpm (FastCGI Process Manager) is a manager of PHP, used to process PHP requests.

This article will introduce the request processing process of php-fpm in detail, and discuss how to optimize php-fpm and improve the performance of web applications.

2. php-fpm request processing process

1. Client initiates request
   When the client (browser) initiates a request, the request will be sent to the Web server.
2. Web server receives request
   After the Web server receives the client's request, it will forward the request to php-fpm for processing.
3. php-fpm receives requests
   php-fpm acts as an independent process and receives requests forwarded by the web server.
4. Master process and Worker process
   php-fpm consists of a Master process and multiple Worker processes. The Master process is responsible for managing Worker processes and monitoring their status.

5. Worker process processing request
   When the Master process assigns the request to the Worker process, the Worker process will start processing the request. The specific processing flow includes the following steps:

   5.1 Parse the request
   The Worker process first needs to parse the request and obtain the requested URL, request method, request header and other information.

   5.2 Execute PHP script
   Then, the Worker process will find the corresponding PHP script file based on the requested URL and execute the script.

   5.3 Processing business logic
   PHP script will perform database queries or other operations based on business logic, and generate response content such as HTML.

   5.4 Return response
   Finally, the Worker process returns the generated response content to php-fpm.

6. php-fpm returns response
   After the Worker process processes the request, the generated response is returned to php-fpm.
7. Web server returns response
   php-fpm returns the response to the Web server, and the Web server returns the response to the client.

3. Optimization strategy
In order to improve the performance of php-fpm, we can adopt the following optimization strategy:

1. Adjust php-fpm configuration

   • Adjust the number of processes
     By adjusting the number of processes of php-fpm, you can control the number of concurrent processing requests.
     If the number of concurrent requests is large, you can increase the number of Worker processes to provide more processing capabilities.
     If the number of concurrent requests is small, you can reduce the number of Worker processes and reduce overhead.
   • Adjust process management strategies
     php-fpm provides different process management strategies, such as static, dynamic and ondemand.
     Choose an appropriate process management strategy based on the actual situation to optimize resource utilization.
   • Adjust the request timeout
     If the execution time of the PHP script is long, you can adjust the request timeout appropriately to avoid performance degradation caused by frequent timeouts.

2. Use caching

   • Caching PHP scripts
     For some PHP scripts that do not change frequently, you can cache them to avoid each time Requests are re-parsed and the script executed.
     You can use tools such as OPcache to cache scripts.
   • Caching database query results
     For frequently queried database results, the query results can be cached to reduce the number of accesses to the database.
     You can use in-memory databases such as Redis to implement cache storage.

3. Optimize PHP code

   • Reduce IO operations
     IO operations are usually one of the performance bottlenecks in web applications. IO operations can be optimized by reducing file operations or using caching.
   • Reduce database access
     Database access is also a common performance bottleneck. Database access can be reduced through reasonable database design, optimized query statements, and use of cache.
   • Use asynchronous processing
     For some time-consuming operations, asynchronous processing can be used to improve concurrent processing capabilities.

4. Summary
This article introduces the request processing process of php-fpm in detail and proposes strategies to optimize the performance of php-fpm. By adjusting php-fpm configuration, using caching and optimizing PHP code, the performance of web applications can be significantly improved.

At the same time, developers also need to continuously conduct performance testing and tuning based on actual conditions to achieve better user experience and system performance.

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