How to achieve real-time game data synchronization using PHP and Websocket

With the development of Internet technology, the gaming field also needs to achieve real-time game data synchronization. The WebSocket protocol is a technology used for two-way communication between the client and the server, providing the possibility of real-time data synchronization.

This article will introduce how to use PHP and WebSocket to achieve real-time game data synchronization. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

Step 1: Understand WebSocket

WebSocket is an HTML5 protocol. It utilizes persistent connections between clients and servers to achieve real-time two-way communication. After the WebSocket connection is established, the server and client can send real-time data to each other to achieve real-time synchronization.

Step 2: Write the WebSocket server

In PHP, we can use the Ratchet library to implement the WebSocket server. Ratchet is a PHP WebSocket implementation library that uses ReactPHP as an event library to handle connections and data reception and sending.

First, we need to install Composer to manage our dependencies. Create a composer.json file in the project root directory and write the following code:

{

"require": { "cboden/ratchet": "^0.4.3", "react/event-loop": "^1.0.0", "react/socket": "^1.0.0", "react/http": "^1.0.0" }

}

Then, run the following command in the command line to install Ratchet and Its dependencies:

composer install

Next, we create a file called server.php, which will be the entry point of our WebSocket server. We create a WebSocket server instance in this file, using the following code:

use RatchetMessageComponentInterface;
use RatchetConnectionInterface;
use RatchetServerIoServer;
use RatchetHttpHttpServer;
use RatchetWebSocketWsServer;

require dirname(__DIR__) . '/vendor/autoload.php';

class Game implements MessageComponentInterface
{

protected $clients; public function __construct() { $this->clients = new SplObjectStorage; } public function onOpen(ConnectionInterface $conn) { $this->clients->attach($conn); } public function onMessage(ConnectionInterface $from, $msg) { foreach ($this->clients as $client) { if ($from !== $client) { $client->send($msg); } } } public function onClose(ConnectionInterface $conn) { $this->clients->detach($conn); } public function onError(ConnectionInterface $conn, Exception $e) { $conn->close(); }

}

$server = IoServer::factory(

new HttpServer( new WsServer( new Game() ) ), 8080

);

$server->run();

We created a class called Game , as the handler of WebSocket. This class implements Ratchet's MessageComponentInterface interface. We need to implement four methods: onOpen indicates when a new WebSocket client is connected, onMessage indicates when a message sent by the client is received, and onClose indicates when the WebSocket client disconnects. , onError means when an error occurs.

In the Game class, we use the SplObjectStorage object to store all connected clients. In the onOpen method, we attach the connection object to SplObjectStorage. In the onMessage method, we loop through all clients in SplObjectStorage and send the received message. In the onClose method, we remove the connection object from SplObjectStorage.

Finally, we use the IoServer class to create and run the WebSocket server. We wrap HttpServer and WsServer together so that we can handle both HTTP and WebSocket requests. We used 8080 as the port number for the WebSocket server, you can change it if needed.

Step 3: Write WebSocket client

On the client, we use JavaScript to implement WebSocket connection. In JavaScript, we need to create a WebSocket object and connect to the server. When the state of the WebSocket object changes, the WebSocket event handler will be called for processing.

Here, we will use jQuery to easily manipulate DOM elements and handle events. We first create a simple text input box and button in HTML to send messages to the server:

 Send 

Then, we create a JavaScript file called client.js that will Is the entry point for our WebSocket client. We create a WebSocket connection in this file, using the following code:

$(document).ready(function() {

var conn = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:8080'); conn.onopen = function(evt) { console.log('Connected to server'); }; conn.onmessage = function(evt) { console.log('Received message: ' + evt.data); $('#messages').append($('
').text(evt.data)); }; conn.onclose = function(evt) { console.log('Connection closed'); }; $('#send').click(function() { var message = $('#message').val(); conn.send(message); $('#message').val(''); });

});

We first create a Create a WebSocket connection when loading is complete and call the onopen method when the connection is open. In the onmessage method, we output the received message to the console and the message box on the page. When the connection is closed, we will call the onclose method.

On button click, we get the message from the text input box and send it to the WebSocket server.

Step 4: Test the WebSocket connection

Finally, we can use the browser to test the WebSocket connection locally. To run our WebSocket server on the command line, execute the following command:

php server.php

Then, open a browser and enter the following URL:

http:// localhost:8000/

We can enter a message on the page and click the "Send" button, then receive the message on the server and send it back to the client. You should see a message box on the page and a corresponding message in the console output.

So far, we have successfully used PHP and WebSocket to achieve real-time game data synchronization. Real-time data synchronization is not only available in games, but also in a variety of applications, such as live chat and collaborative editing. I hope this article can help you understand how WebSocket works and guide you through the implementation of WebSocket.

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