Microservice API traffic management practice based on go-zero

With the popularity of microservice architecture, the number and traffic of API interfaces have also increased, and the management and control of API traffic have become a very critical issue. This article will introduce how to implement API traffic management based on go-zero's microservice framework to ensure system performance and stability.

1. What is API traffic management

API traffic management refers to the control and management of API interface traffic, including limiting access frequency, setting current limiting policies, and controlling access to a single IP frequency, ensuring high availability of the system, etc. API traffic management can effectively prevent malicious attacks, while also ensuring system performance and stability.

2. Introduction to go-zero framework

go-zero is a microservice framework based on Golang, which can quickly build high-performance and reliable microservice systems. go-zero provides a variety of functions, including API gateway, distributed middleware, cache, ORM, etc., allowing developers to build microservice applications more conveniently. This article will focus on the API gateway function and middleware function of go-zero, which are used to implement API traffic management.

3. Flow control in API gateway

API gateway is a functional module that centrally processes API requests. It is responsible for routing requests, protocol conversion, security authentication, flow control, etc. In the go-zero framework, it is very simple to use API gateway to implement API traffic management. The API gateway can control traffic by limiting the access frequency of the API to prevent the system from crashing due to too many requests. The following describes how to implement flow control based on API gateway.

1. Configure flow control

In go-zero, you can use ratelimiter middleware to implement API flow control. The sample code is as follows:

r := router.NewRouter()
var limiter *limiter.Limiter
if conf.RateLimiter.On {
    limiter = limiter.NewLimiter(conf.RateLimiter.QPS)
}

apigroup.RegisterRouter(r, limiter)

In the above code, conf.RateLimiter.On is used to determine whether API flow control is required, and conf.RateLimiter.QPS is used to set the allowed requests per second. If you need flow control on the API, create an instance via limiter.NewLimiter and pass it as a parameter to the RegisterRouter method.

2. Implement flow control

In the above code, ratelimiter middleware is used to implement API flow control. In the middleware package, go-zero provides a variety of middleware implementations that can be used to handle requests. The ratelimiter middleware can control API traffic by setting the number of requests allowed per second. The code example is as follows:

func NewLimiter(qps int) *Limiter {
    limiter := rate.NewLimiter(rate.Limit(qps), qps*3)
    return &Limiter{limiter}
}

func (l *Limiter) Handle(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
    return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        if l.allow() == false {
            http.Error(w, "Too Many Requests", http.StatusTooManyRequests)
            return
        }
        next(w, r)
    }
}

func (l *Limiter) allow() bool {
    return l.limiter.Allow()
}

In the above code, a limiter instance is created through rate.NewLimiter, where rate.Limit(qps) It is used to set the number of requests allowed per second, and qps*3 is used to set burst (that is, the maximum number of concurrent requests in an instant). In the Handle method, l.allow is used to determine whether access is allowed for the current request. If the number of requests is exceeded, the http.StatusTooManyRequests error is returned.

4. Middleware implements flow control

In addition to flow control in the API gateway, go-zero can also implement API flow control through middleware. Middleware is a function that is executed before or after API processing. It can intercept, verify, convert and other operations on requests. In go-zero, it is also very convenient to use middleware to implement API flow control. The following describes how to implement middleware-based flow control.

1. Create middleware

In go-zero, you can use middleware.HandlerFunc to define a middleware function and add it to the API processor. Here is an example of middleware:

func RateLimiter(qps int) middleware.HandlerFunc {
    limiter := ratelimit.NewLimiter(ratelib.NewBucketWithQuantum(time.Second, int64(qps), 1))

    return func(c *context.Context) {
        if !limiter.Allow() {
            c.JSON(http.StatusTooManyRequests, &model.Error{
                Code:    model.ErrorCodeTooManyRequests,
                Message: model.ErrorMsgTooManyRequests,
            })
            c.Abort()
            return
        }

        c.Next() // 调用后续中间件或处理器
    }
}

In the above code, a rate limiter is defined by calling ratelib.NewBucketWithQuantum and passed into the RateLimiter. In the RateLimiter function, determine whether the current request allows access by determining whether limiter.Allow() is true. If not, return the http.StatusTooManyRequests error.

2. Calling middleware

Calling middleware in an API processor is very simple. You just need to add it to the processor chain. The sample code is as follows:

// API处理器
func apiHandler(c *context.Context) {
    // 处理API请求
}

// 注册API
r.GET("/api", apiHandler, middleware.RateLimiter(1000))

In the above code, the RateLimiter middleware is called through middleware.RateLimiter(1000) to control the access rate of the API.

5. Summary

This article introduces how to implement API traffic management based on go-zero's microservice framework. Through the implementation of API gateway and middleware, API flow control can be easily realized to ensure the performance and stability of the system. I hope this article can help readers implement API flow control in actual development.

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