Using JWT to implement authentication in Beego

With the rapid development of the Internet and mobile Internet, more and more applications require authentication and permission control, and JWT (JSON Web Token), as a lightweight authentication and authorization mechanism, is used in WEB applications is widely used in.

Beego is an MVC framework based on the Go language, which has the advantages of efficiency, simplicity, and scalability. This article will introduce how to use JWT to implement authentication in Beego.

1. Introduction to JWT

JSON Web Token (JWT) is an open standard (RFC 7519) for transmitting identity and claim information over the network. It can securely transfer information between various systems because it can encrypt and digitally sign information. A JWT consists of three parts: header, claim and signature. Where headers and claims are encoded using base64, the signature uses a key to encrypt the data.

2. Beego integrates JWT

1. Install dependencies

First we need to install two dependency packages:

go get github.com/dgrijalva/ jwt-go
go get github.com/astaxie/beego

2. Create a JWT tool class

We can create a JWT tool class by encapsulating the JWT operation for generating , verify JWT and other operations. These include methods such as issuing tokens, verifying tokens, and obtaining information stored in tokens. The code is as follows:

package utils

import (
    "errors"
    "github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go"
    "time"
)

// JWT构造体
type JWT struct {
    signingKey []byte
}

// 定义JWT参数
type CustomClaims struct {
    UserID   string `json:"userId"`
    UserName string `json:"userName"`
    jwt.StandardClaims
}

// 构造函数
func NewJWT() *JWT {
    return &JWT{
        []byte("jwt-secret-key"),
    }
}

// 生成token
func (j *JWT) CreateToken(claims CustomClaims) (string, error) {
    token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodHS256, claims)

    return token.SignedString(j.signingKey)
}

// 解析token
func (j *JWT) ParseToken(tokenString string) (*CustomClaims, error) {
    token, err := jwt.ParseWithClaims(tokenString, &CustomClaims{}, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
        if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok {
            return nil, errors.New("签名方法不正确")
        }
        return j.signingKey, nil
    })

    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    if claims, ok := token.Claims.(*CustomClaims); ok && token.Valid {
        return claims, nil
    }

    return nil, errors.New("无效的token")
}

3. Use JWT for authentication

In Beego, we can use middleware to verify the user's identity, for example:

package controllers

import (
    "myProject/utils"
    "github.com/astaxie/beego"
    "github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go"
)

type BaseController struct {
    beego.Controller
}

type CustomClaims struct {
    UserID   string `json:"userId"`
    UserName string `json:"userName"`
    jwt.StandardClaims
}

func (c *BaseController) Prepare() {
    // 获取请求头中的token
    tokenString := c.Ctx.Request.Header.Get("Authorization")

    // 创建JWT实例
    jwt := utils.NewJWT()

    // 解析token，获取token中存储的用户信息
    claims, err := jwt.ParseToken(tokenString)

    if err != nil {
        c.Data["json"] = "无效的token"
        c.ServeJSON()
        return
    }

    // 验证token中的用户信息
    if claims.UserID != "123456" || claims.UserName != "test" {
        c.Data["json"] = "用户信息验证失败"
        c.ServeJSON()
        return
    }
}

In In the above code, we first obtain the token in the request header, and then parse the token through JWT to obtain the user information stored in it. Finally, we verify the user information in the token with the user information stored in our database. Only after passing the verification can we access the relevant interfaces normally.

3. Summary

Through the above steps, we have successfully integrated the JWT authentication mechanism and implemented user identity verification, permission control and other operations in the Beego application. However, it should be noted that in actual applications, we need to ensure the security of the JWT key, and we also need to consider whether the information stored in the JWT is reasonable.

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