System maintenance guide in Linux system

In the Linux world, system administrators need to frequently maintain and manage their own servers or workstations. This maintenance includes not only basic system installation and configuration, but also the timely handling of common problems and failures in the production environment. For the maintenance of Linux systems, this guide will introduce you to some basic skills, including the initial installation of Linux systems, management of software packages, process monitoring, disk and file system management, and security and log auditing.

1. System installation and configuration

Installing the Linux system is the first issue to be dealt with. When you need to install a Linux system, you should first select the correct Linux distribution and use the correct installation media. Usually, you can download the ISO or IMG image from the official website and burn it to a disc or USB drive using USB or DVD burning software. The installer can also obtain software packages and other files required by the system from the network.

After the installation is complete, you need to configure the system correctly, including network and system users. Proper network configuration must include IP address, gateway, DNS and other network parameter settings. User configuration should include adding and removing users, changing user properties, and assigning correct permissions and folder access.

2. Software package management

Managing and updating software packages is one of the core issues in Linux system maintenance. Basically, you learn how to use a package manager to install, upgrade, and remove software packages on your system. The name and command of the package manager may be different in different Linux distributions, but generally, you can use the following command:

apt-get (Ubuntu, Debian)

yum (CentOS , Fedora)

zypper (openSUSE)

pacman (Arch Linux)

In addition to these commands, there are many other commands that allow you to track the installation and removal of packages, Search for new packages and resolve issues related to package dependencies. Additionally, you can learn how to add unofficial repositories to get more packages.

3. Process Monitoring

When the system is running normally, various system resource problems are likely to occur. For example, the process crashes or runs out of memory and CPU, etc. Therefore, you should learn how to check the status of the process and end or adjust the process if necessary. For example, the commands "top" and "ps" allow you to view the processes running your system and sort them by CPU usage or memory usage.

In addition, you also need to learn how to end any process through the "kill" command, and understand the meaning of the different options of the "kill" command. When it comes to long-running daemons, you need to learn how to use tools like "systemd" to automate the management of the process.

4. Disk and file system management

The file system of the Linux system is composed of multiple file partitions and uses different file system types. Disk and file system management includes extending partition and file system capacity, creating and deleting folders, and file system security control.

Commonly used commands include the "df" and "du" commands. The "df" command allows you to view the storage space usage of a mounted partition, while the "du" command allows you to view the available storage space and usage of a specific folder.

In addition, you also need to know how to change the permissions of files and folders and protect your system using a secure file system such as SELinux, AppArmor or grsecurity, etc.

5. Security and log audit

System security and log audit are another important aspect of Linux system maintenance. When it comes to security, you need to keep your Linux system and network secure as well as the installed software.

Therefore, you should learn how to use firewalls, access control lists (ACLs), and other security controls to protect your systems. You should also regularly update your systems and software packages to close security holes.

In terms of log auditing, you need to learn how to view system logs and application logs in order to detect expected behavior of the system and any unusual events. Commonly used logging tools include "dmesg" and "journalctl".

Summary

By studying the Linux system maintenance guide, you will acquire the basic skills to maintain and manage the Linux system. In practice, you will find more problems and solutions, and you will also find that using the Linux system is very beneficial for daily work and production, and can also improve your skills and work performance to a higher level.

The above is the detailed content of System maintenance guide in Linux system. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!