Learn MySQL: How to perform snapshot backups and incremental backups

MySQL is a commonly used relational database management system. Backing up data is the most important part for database managers. When performing backups, snapshot backup and incremental backup are two commonly used backup methods. This article will introduce how to perform snapshot backup and incremental backup.

1. Snapshot backup

Snapshot backup is a full backup method. All data of the entire database can be backed up through snapshot backup. The advantage of snapshot backup is that the backed up data is complete, and you only need to use the backup file when restoring. The disadvantage of snapshot backup is that the backup file is larger and the backup time is longer.

The steps for snapshot backup are as follows:

1. Log in to the MySQL database and select the database that needs to be backed up.

2. Use the mysqldump command for backup. The command format is:

   mysqldump -uroot -p -–opt –-lock-all-tables database_name > database_name.sql

Among them, -uroot means using the root user for backup, database_name means the name of the database that needs to be backed up, --opt means optimizing the backup options, and --lock-all-tables means locking all tables during backup.

3. After the backup is completed, use the following command to compress the backup file:

   tar -cvf database_name.tar database_name.sql

Among them, -c means to create a new archive file, -v means to display detailed information during compression, and -f means to specify the archive file name.

4. Upload the backup file to the backup server or backup media for recovery.

2. Incremental backup

Incremental backup is a backup method that only backs up the updated part of the data. Compared with snapshot backup, the advantage of incremental backup is that the backup file is smaller. Small and fast backup. The disadvantage of incremental backup is that multiple backup files are required for recovery.

The steps for incremental backup are as follows:

1. Create a backup directory in the backup server or backup media to store backup files.
2. First perform a complete backup and store the backup file in the backup directory.

3. When performing incremental backup, you only need to back up the updated part of the data, and use the following command to back up:

   mysqldump -uroot -p -–opt –-lock-all-tables --where=”update_time > 'Backup time'" database_name table_name > database_name_table_name.sql

Among them, --where="update_time > 'Backup time'" means backup update For data whose time is after the "backup time", database_name and table_name represent the database and table names that need to be backed up.

4. Upload the incremental backup file to the backup directory.
5. When you need to restore data, you should first use the full backup file to restore, and then use the incremental backup files in sequence according to the chronological order of the incremental backup.

Summary:

When backing up the MySQL database, you can choose to use snapshot backup or incremental backup. Snapshot backup provides complete data and is easy to restore; while incremental backup has fast backup speed and smaller backup files. Choosing an appropriate backup method based on the actual situation can better protect the security of database data.

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