Swoole Advanced: How to use multi-process to improve PHP network programming capabilities

As modern applications become more and more complex, the network programming capabilities of web servers are becoming more and more important. In the field of PHP, Swoole has become a very popular network programming framework. It provides very powerful functions, such as event-driven programming, asynchronous IO, coroutines, etc. These functions can help developers improve the performance and performance of web servers. stability.

However, for some high-load web applications, the single-process mode may not be able to meet the needs. In this case, developers can use multi-process mode. Swoole provides multi-process management related APIs, such as the swoole_process class and swoole_process_manager class. These APIs allow us to easily implement multi-process management to improve the performance and stability of the web server. sex.

This article will introduce in detail how to use Swoole to implement multi-process programming, and demonstrate through some sample codes how to use multi-process mode in PHP web servers to improve performance.

1. Use the swoole_process class to implement multi-process programming

swoole_process is a multi-process programming class provided by Swoole, which can be used to create sub-processes and perform some operations in the sub-processes. The following is a sample code that uses the swoole_process class to create a subprocess:

$process = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker){
    $worker->exec('/usr/bin/php',['/path/to/your/script.php']);
});

$process->start();

swoole_process::wait();

In the above code, we create a new subprocess and execute a PHP script in the subprocess. In actual development, we can encapsulate the business logic that needs to be executed in this PHP script, and then use the swoole_process class to start a sub-process and let the sub-process execute this business logic.

It should be noted that the business logic of the child process should be independent and will not affect other child processes or parent processes. In addition, in the child process, we usually need to call the posix_setsid() function to create a new session and set the current process as the leader process of the new session. This can avoid sending a signal to the parent process when the process terminates.

2. Use the swoole_process_manager class to implement multi-process management

In actual applications, we may need to start multiple sub-processes and coordinate and manage them. In order to facilitate the management of multiple processes, Swoole provides the swoole_process_manager class, which can be used to create and manage multiple child processes.

The following is a sample code that uses the swoole_process_manager class to create multiple processes:

$manager = new swoole_process_manager();

// 创建5个子进程
for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) {
    $process = new swoole_process(function(swoole_process $worker){
        while (true) {
            // 子进程业务逻辑
        }
    });
    $manager->addProcess($process, true);
}

$manager->wait();

In the above code, we created 5 sub-processes, each sub-process will execute an infinite loop of business logic . Here, we need to call the addProcess method of the swoole_process_manager class to add each child process to the manager, and then call the wait method to wait for the termination of the child process.

3. Use multi-process mode to improve Web server performance

Using multi-process mode can significantly improve the performance and stability of the Web server. If we are in single-process mode, we may face some problems, such as:

• Process blocking: If a request needs to be executed for a very long time, the process will be blocked and unable to respond to other requests;
• Memory leak: If there is a memory leak in the code or operations that occupy a large amount of memory, it may cause the entire process to run out of memory;
• CPU usage is too high: If a request requires a large amount of computing resources, It may cause the CPU usage of the entire process to be too high, affecting the response speed of other requests.

Using multi-process mode can avoid the above problems. Each sub-process will execute business logic independently, reducing the occurrence of blocking phenomena. At the same time, in multi-process mode, each child process has its own independent memory space, which can avoid the problem of process memory leakage causing the entire process to crash. In addition, the multi-process mode can also allocate CPU resources to different sub-processes to prevent a certain request from occupying too many CPU resources.

4. Use the swoole_server module to implement a multi-process web server

In addition to using the swoole_process and swoole_process_manager classes to implement multi-process programming, we can also use the swoole_server module provided by Swoole to create a multi-process web server.

Using the swoole_server module allows us to create a Web server more conveniently, while making full use of multi-core CPU resources to improve the performance of the Web server. The following is a sample code that uses the swoole_server module to implement a multi-process web server:

$server = new swoole_server("127.0.0.1", 9501, SWOOLE_PROCESS, SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP);

// 设置工作进程数为4
$server->set([
    'worker_num' => 4,
]);

// 处理请求
$server->on('receive', function(swoole_server $serv, $fd, $from_id, $data) {
    // 将请求交给业务处理进程
    $serv->task($data);
});

// 处理业务逻辑
$server->on('task', function(swoole_server $serv, $task_id, $from_id, $data) {
    // 处理业务逻辑
    // ...

    // 返回处理结果
    $serv->finish($result);
});

// 处理结果
$server->on('finish', function(swoole_server $serv, $task_id, $data) {
    // 返回结果给客户端
    $serv->send($task_id, $data);
});

// 启动服务器
$server->start();

In the above code, we use the swoole_server module to create a web server and set the number of worker processes to 4. When a new request arrives, we will hand the request to the task queue, and then the worker process will process the task, and after the processing is completed, the result will be returned to the client. In this way, multi-core CPU resources can be fully utilized and the performance of the web server can be improved.

Summary

This article introduces how to use Swoole to implement multi-process programming, and demonstrates the use of multi-process mode to improve the performance and stability of web servers through the APIs provided by the swoole_process and swoole_process_manager classes and the swoole_server module. sex. I believe that in practical applications, using multi-process mode can help us better handle high-load web applications and provide a better user experience.

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