ACL configuration based on URL matching in Nginx reverse proxy

Nginx is a high-performance open source web server and reverse proxy server. Its scalability and powerful configuration options make it one of the indispensable components in web development. Nginx's reverse proxy function can send requests from the client to multiple back-end servers to achieve load balancing and high availability.

In a reverse proxy, since the backend server may handle multiple services, it needs to be matched according to the path of the request URL and forward the request to the correct backend server. Nginx provides ACL (Access Control List) configuration based on URL path, which can route requests to the corresponding backend server according to the specified URL rules.

This article will introduce how to implement ACL configuration in Nginx reverse proxy based on URL path matching.

ACL configuration

ACL is a mechanism used to control access permissions. It can determine whether a request is allowed to access based on certain rules. In Nginx, you can use the location directive to configure ACL rules. locationThe instruction syntax is as follows:

location [ = | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] uri { ... }

The uri parameter can be an ordinary URI path or a regular expression. When using URI paths as ACL rules, you can use the following matching characters:

• =: Exact match, only the URI path is exactly the same as the value in the location directive. success.
• ~: Regular expression matching, case sensitive.
• ~*: Regular expression matching, case-insensitive.
• ^~: Prefix matching, if the URI path starts with the value in the location directive, the match is successful.

Example Demonstration

Assume that there are three services that need to be load balanced in the Nginx reverse proxy. Their URI paths are:

• / app1
• /app2
• /app3

#We need to forward the request to three backend servers, their IP addresses are:

• 192.168.0.1
• 192.168.0.2
• 192.168.0.3

We can use the following Nginx configuration file to implement the reverse proxy function:

http {
    upstream myapp1 {
        server 192.168.0.1;
    }

    upstream myapp2 {
        server 192.168.0.2;
    }

    upstream myapp3 {
        server 192.168.0.3;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name myserver.com;

        location /app1 {
            proxy_pass http://myapp1;
        }

        location /app2 {
            proxy_pass http://myapp2;
        }

        location /app3 {
            proxy_pass http://myapp3;
        }
    }
}

In the above configuration file, we use the upstream directive to define three backend servers, and then use the location directive in the server block respectively Three reverse proxy rules are configured. When the request URI path is /app1, /app2, /app3, Nginx will forward the request to the corresponding back-end server to achieve load balancing and high availability. .

URL path matching

If our URI path is relatively complex and needs to be matched according to certain rules, regular expressions can be used to achieve URL path matching.

Assume that there are two services that need to be load balanced in the Nginx reverse proxy. Their URI paths are:

• /api/v1/app1
• /api/v2/app2

We need to forward the request to two backend servers, their IP addresses are:

• 192.168.0.1
• 192.168.0.2

We can use the following Nginx configuration file to implement ACL configuration based on URL path:

http {
    upstream myapp1 {
        server 192.168.0.1;
    }

    upstream myapp2 {
        server 192.168.0.2;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name myserver.com;

        location ~ ^/api/v1/app1 {
            proxy_pass http://myapp1;
        }

        location ~ ^/api/v2/app2 {
            proxy_pass http://myapp2;
        }
    }
}

In the above configuration file, we use location The regular expression matching function of the directive matches the request path to the corresponding backend server.

• ~: Regular expression matching, case sensitive.
• ^: Regular expression start symbol, "^/api" means that the request path starts with /api.
• /v1/app1 indicates that the request path ends with /v1/app1.

In this way, we can match based on complex URL paths to achieve more detailed reverse proxy control and forwarding functions.

Summary

This article introduces the ACL configuration method based on URL matching in Nginx reverse proxy. Through the location directive and the URI path or regular expression, the request can be realized Path matching and forwarding. This ACL configuration method can achieve load balancing and high availability for multiple backend servers and meet reverse proxy requirements in different scenarios.

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