What is the memory allocation operation in Go language?

Go language is a compiled statically typed language, which is influenced by C language and Pascal language. In Go, memory allocation is a critical runtime operation because it is the foundation and core of the heap on which the runtime is built.

Memory allocation in the Go language involves two important concepts: heap and stack. The heap is used to store memory dynamically allocated when the program is running, such as dynamic arrays, slices, and maps, while the stack is used for local variables allocated when executing functions and the context of function calls.

Memory allocation in the Go language is completed by the malloc and free functions in the runtime package. These two functions are usually automatically inserted into the code by the compiler. When using these two functions, you need to pay attention to the following aspects:

1. Memory allocation methods

There are two ways of memory allocation in Go: large allocation and Small allocation. Large allocation means that the applied memory area is greater than or equal to 32KB, and small allocation means that the applied for memory area is less than 32KB. Typically, small allocations use the internal data structure mcache, while large allocations use the internal mheap.

2. Memory Management

In Go, memory is managed by mheap in the runtime package. mheap has automatic growth and automatic shrinkage functions. When the runtime requires more memory, mheap requests new memory from the operating system, and when the memory is no longer needed, mheap returns the allocated memory to the operating system.

3. Memory Alignment

In Go, memory allocation requires memory alignment operations. Memory alignment is different for different types of variables.

4. Garbage Collection

Go uses an automatic garbage collection mechanism. Under this mechanism, discarded memory will be automatically recycled, and programmers do not need to manually release the memory. This mechanism requires a certain runtime cost to the program.

In general, the memory allocation operation in the Go language is more flexible and has better performance. Programmers only need to care about the memory management of the program logic, and do not need to think too much about the specific implementation of underlying memory allocation.

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