Web development framework Bottle in Python

Bottle is a lightweight Python web development framework. It has a routing-based request dispatcher, integrates a WSGI server, comes with a template engine and has the ability to convert Python data types to JSON, etc. Bottle is very simple to use and is especially suitable for small projects, API development and rapid prototyping. The following will introduce Bottle from its characteristics, installation, use, deployment and other aspects.

1. Features of Bottle

1. Lightweight

Bottle is a framework that can be used after registration. The size of a single file is only a few hundred K . Bottle completely relies on the Python standard library and does not require the installation of other third-party libraries.

2. Routing function

Bottle provides different HTTP methods through decorators, such as get(), post(), put() and delete() wait. We only need to combine these methods with URL paths to easily write a web application with RESTful API functionality.

3. Built-in HTTP server

Bottle provides a built-in WSGI server, using a single-threaded model, suitable for rapid development and testing. It can listen on multiple addresses and ports and supports IPv6.

4. Template engine

Bottle's own template engine can easily fill data into HTML templates, supports a variety of templates, and is easy to use.

5. Other functions

Bottle also has many other functions, such as: obtaining data sent by the client, processing of Cookies, Session support, etc.

2. Bottle installation

Bottle can be installed through pip.

pip install bottle

3. The use of Bottle

Let’s use a small example to demonstrate the use of Bottle:

from bottle import route, run

@route('/')
def index():
    return 'Hello World!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run(host='localhost', port=8080, debug=True)

After running this code, open the browser and click on the address bar Enter http://localhost:8080, and you will see "Hello World!".

4. Deployment of Bottle

Bottle can be deployed using uWSGI or Gunicorn. Here we take uWSGI as an example.

1. Install uWSGI

You can install uWSGI through pip.

pip install uwsgi

2. Create uwsgi.ini file

Create uwsgi.ini file and add the following code:

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:8080
chdir = /path/to/project
wsgi-file = app.py
callable = app
processes = 4
threads = 2
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191

Parameter explanation:

• socket: Specify the port that uWSGI listens on, here specified as 8080;
• chdir: Specify the root directory of the project;
• wsgi-file: Specify the WSGI file, here specified as app. py;
• callable: Specify the name of the WSGI application object, here also specified as app;
• processes: Specify the number of processes to start uWSGI;
• threads: Specify each process The number of threads used to process requests;
• stats: Specify the monitoring statistics address of uWSGI.

3. Start uWSGI

Run the following command to start uWSGI:

uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini

At this time, you can enter http://127.0. 0.1:8080 came to access our application.

In short, Bottle is a Python web development framework that is very suitable for small projects, API development and rapid prototyping. It is simple and easy to use, with only one file. The entire framework only relies on Python's standard library and does not require the installation of other third-party libraries. If you are interested in lightweight web frameworks, Bottle is worth a try.

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