What is MySQL in Python?

Python is a high-level programming language whose operating platform can support multiple database types, and MySQL is one of them. Through Python's MySQL module, we can easily operate the MySQL database. Next, let’s explore what MySQL in Python is.

1. Introduction to MySQL

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that supports multiple operating system platforms and programming languages. As an open source software, MySQL is safe, reliable, efficient, and easy to use, and has therefore become one of the most widely used databases. MySQL is widely used in the development of web applications, embedded systems, data warehouses, games and other fields.

2. Python’s MySQL module

Python has a built-in MySQL module, which provides an interface for accessing the MySQL database in Python code. It is based on the Python DB API, follows the PEP 249 specification, and is a recommended module for Python programs to access MySQL databases. Using this module, we can connect, query, insert, update, and delete data in the MySQL database through Python code.

Python's MySQL module supports multiple versions of MySQL/Python and supports multiple Python database API standards. The latest version of Python's MySQL module can be downloaded from the MySQL database official website or installed through the pip tool.

3. Naming convention of Python MySQL module

The MySQL module in Python usually uses the following naming convention:

1. Import the MySQL module in Python code

   import MySQLdb

2. Establish a connection with the MySQL database

   db = MySQLdb.connect(host,username,password,database,charset)

Where host represents the address of the MySQL server, username and password are the username and password when logging into the MySQL server, database is the name of the database to be accessed, and charset is the specified character set, generally using utf8.

3. Create cursor object

   cursor = db.cursor()

4. Execute MySQL statement

   cursor .execute(statement)

where statement is the MySQL statement to be executed.

5. Get the result

   result = cursor.fetchall()(get all results) or result = cursor.fetchone()(get the next result)

4. Commonly used functions of the Python MySQL module

Python’s MySQL module provides many functions. The following are some commonly used functions:

1. connect(): Connect to the MySQL database and return a connection object

   db = MySQLdb.connect(host, username, password, database, charset)

2. cursor() ：Get the cursor

   cursor = db.cursor()

3. execute()：Execute the SQL statement

   cursor.execute(statement)

4. fetchone(): Returns the next record in the result set

   result = cursor.fetchone()

5. fetchall(): Returns All records in the result set

   result = cursor.fetchall()

6. ##commit(): Commit the current transaction
   db.commit()

7. rollback(): Roll back the current transaction
   db.rollback()

8. close(): Close the connection
   db.close()

5. Example of Python MySQL module

The following is a simple Python program that shows how to use Python’s MySQL module Connect to MySQL database and execute simple SQL statements.

# Import MySQL module

import MySQLdb

# Open database connection

db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","123456","testdb" )

# Use the cursor() method to obtain the operation cursor

cursor = db.cursor()

# Use the execute method to execute the SQL statement

cursor.execute("SELECT VERSION() ")

# Use the fetchone() method to obtain a piece of data

data = cursor.fetchone()

print("Database version: %s " % data)

# Close the database connection

db.close()

In this example, we first use Python’s MySQL module to connect to the local MySQL database, and then use the cursor to execute a SQL statement to obtain the MySQL database version information and print the output. Finally the database connection is closed.

Summary

Python's MySQL module provides a unified interface for Python programs to access MySQL databases, allowing Python programmers to develop and operate MySQL databases very conveniently. Python's MySQL module has good coding habits and naming conventions, which can greatly facilitate the development and use of programmers. Through Python's MySQL module, we can use the MySQL database in Python very conveniently.

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