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How to prevent SQL injection in Java projects

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Release: 2023-05-27 19:25:04
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    一、什么是SQL注入

    SQL注入即是指web应用程序对用户输入数据的合法性没有判断或过滤不严,攻击者可以在web应用程序中事先定义好的查询语句的结尾上添加额外的SQL语句,在管理员不知情的情况下实现非法操作,以此来实现欺骗数据库服务器执行非授权的任意查询,从而进一步得到相应的数据信息。

    SQL案列

    String sql = "delete from table1 where id = " + "id";
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    这个id从请求参数中获取,若参数被拼接为:

    1001 or 1 = 1

    最执行语句变为:

    String sql = "delete from table1 where id = 1001 or 1 = 1";
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    此时,数据库的数据都会被清空掉,后果非常严重

    二、Java项目防止SQL注入方式

    这里总结4种:

    • PreparedStatement防止SQL注入

    • mybatis中#{}防止SQL注入

    • 对请求参数的敏感词汇进行过滤

    • nginx反向代理防止SQL注入

    1、PreparedStatement防止SQL注入

    PreparedStatement具有预编译功能,以上述SQL为例

    使用PreparedStatement预编译后的SQL为:

    delete from table1 where id= ?
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    此时SQL语句结构已固定,无论"?"被替换为任何参数,SQL语句只认为where后面只有一个条件,当再传入 1001 or 1 = 1时,语句会报错,从而达到防止SQL注入效果

    2、mybatis中#{}防止SQL注入

    mybatis中#{}表达式防止SQL注入与PreparedStatement类似,都是对SQL语句进行预编译处理

    注意:

    #{} :参数占位符

    ${} :拼接替换符,不能防止SQL注入,一般用于

    • 传入数据库对象(如:数据库名称、表名)

    • order by 后的条件

    3、对请求参数的敏感词汇进行过滤

    这里是springboot的写法,如下:

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Enumeration;
     
    /**
     * @Auther: 睡竹
     * @Date: 2023/03/07
     * @Description: sql防注入过滤器
     */
    @WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*",filterName = "sqlFilter")
    @Configuration
    public class SqlFilter implements Filter {
     
        @Override
        public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {}
     
        /**
         * @description sql注入过滤
         */
        @Override
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
            ServletRequest request = servletRequest;
            ServletResponse response = servletResponse;
            // 获得所有请求参数名
            Enumeration<String> names = request.getParameterNames();
            String sql = "";
            while (names.hasMoreElements()){
                // 得到参数名
                String name = names.nextElement().toString();
                // 得到参数对应值
                String[] values = request.getParameterValues(name);
                for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
                    sql += values[i];
                }
            }
            if (sqlValidate(sql)) {
                //TODO 这里直接抛异常处理,前后端交互项目中,请把错误信息按前后端"数据返回的VO"对象进行封装
                throw new IOException("您发送请求中的参数中含有非法字符");
            } else {
                filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
            }
        }
     
        /**
         * @description 匹配效验
         */
        protected static boolean sqlValidate(String str){
            // 统一转为小写
            String s = str.toLowerCase();
            // 过滤掉的sql关键字,特殊字符前面需要加\\进行转义
            String badStr =
                    "select|update|and|or|delete|insert|truncate|char|into|substr|ascii|declare|exec|count|master|into|drop|execute|table|"+
                            "char|declare|sitename|xp_cmdshell|like|from|grant|use|group_concat|column_name|" +
                            "information_schema.columns|table_schema|union|where|order|by|" +
                            "&#39;\\*|\\;|\\-|\\--|\\+|\\,|\\//|\\/|\\%|\\#";
            //使用正则表达式进行匹配
            boolean matches = s.matches(badStr);
            return matches;
        }
     
        @Override
        public void destroy() {}
    }
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    4、nginx反向代理防止SQL注入

    越来越多网站使用nginx进行反向代理,该层我们也可以进行防止SQL注入配置。

    将下面的Nginx配置文件代码放入到server块中,然后重启Nginx即可

     if ($request_method !~* GET|POST) { return 444; }
     #使用444错误代码可以更加减轻服务器负载压力。
     #防止SQL注入
     if ($query_string ~* (\$|&#39;|--|[+|(%20)]union[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]insert[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]drop[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]truncate[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]update[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]from[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]grant[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]exec[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]where[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]select[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]and[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]or[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]count[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]exec[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]chr[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]mid[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]like[+|(%20)]|[+|(%20)]iframe[+|(%20)]|[\<|%3c]script[\>|%3e]|javascript|alert|webscan|dbappsecurity|style|confirm\(|innerhtml|innertext)(.*)$) { return 555; }
     if ($uri ~* (/~).*) { return 501; }
     if ($uri ~* (\\x.)) { return 501; }
     #防止SQL注入 
     if ($query_string ~* "[;&#39;<>].*") { return 509; }
     if ($request_uri ~ " ") { return 509; }
     if ($request_uri ~ (\/\.+)) { return 509; }
     if ($request_uri ~ (\.+\/)) { return 509; }
     #if ($uri ~* (insert|select|delete|update|count|master|truncate|declare|exec|\*|\&#39;)(.*)$ ) { return 503; }
     #防止SQL注入
     if ($request_uri ~* "(cost\()|(concat\()") { return 504; }
     if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]union[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }
     if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]and[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }
     if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]select[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }
     if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]or[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }
     if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]delete[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }
     if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]update[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }
     if ($request_uri ~* "[+|(%20)]insert[+|(%20)]") { return 504; }
     if ($query_string ~ "(<|%3C).*script.*(>|%3E)") { return 505; }
     if ($query_string ~ "GLOBALS(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})") { return 505; }
     if ($query_string ~ "_REQUEST(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})") { return 505; }
     if ($query_string ~ "proc/self/environ") { return 505; }
     if ($query_string ~ "mosConfig_[a-zA-Z_]{1,21}(=|\%3D)") { return 505; }
     if ($query_string ~ "base64_(en|de)code\(.*\)") { return 505; }
     if ($query_string ~ "[a-zA-Z0-9_]=http://") { return 506; }
     if ($query_string ~ "[a-zA-Z0-9_]=(\.\.//?)+") { return 506; }
     if ($query_string ~ "[a-zA-Z0-9_]=/([a-z0-9_.]//?)+") { return 506; }
     if ($query_string ~ "b(ultram|unicauca|valium|viagra|vicodin|xanax|ypxaieo)b") { return 507; }
     if ($query_string ~ "b(erections|hoodia|huronriveracres|impotence|levitra|libido)b") {return 507; }
     if ($query_string ~ "b(ambien|bluespill|cialis|cocaine|ejaculation|erectile)b") { return 507; }
     if ($query_string ~ "b(lipitor|phentermin|pro[sz]ac|sandyauer|tramadol|troyhamby)b") { return 507; }
     #这里大家根据自己情况添加删减上述判断参数,cURL、wget这类的屏蔽有点儿极端了,但要“宁可错杀一千,不可放过一个”。
     if ($http_user_agent ~* YisouSpider|ApacheBench|WebBench|Jmeter|JoeDog|Havij|GetRight|TurnitinBot|GrabNet|masscan|mail2000|github|wget|curl|Java|python) { return 508; }
     #同上,大家根据自己站点实际情况来添加删减下面的屏蔽拦截参数。
     if ($http_user_agent ~* "Go-Ahead-Got-It") { return 508; }
     if ($http_user_agent ~* "GetWeb!") { return 508; }
     if ($http_user_agent ~* "Go!Zilla") { return 508; }
     if ($http_user_agent ~* "Download Demon") { return 508; }
     if ($http_user_agent ~* "Indy Library") { return 508; }
     if ($http_user_agent ~* "libwww-perl") { return 508; }
     if ($http_user_agent ~* "Nmap Scripting Engine") { return 508; }
     if ($http_user_agent ~* "~17ce.com") { return 508; }
     if ($http_user_agent ~* "WebBench*") { return 508; }
     if ($http_user_agent ~* "spider") { return 508; } #这个会影响国内某些搜索引擎爬虫,比如:搜狗
     #拦截各恶意请求的UA,可以通过分析站点日志文件或者waf日志作为参考配置。
     if ($http_referer ~* 17ce.com) { return 509; }
     #拦截17ce.com站点测速节点的请求,所以明月一直都说这些测速网站的数据仅供参考不能当真的。
     if ($http_referer ~* WebBench*") { return 509; }
     #拦截WebBench或者类似压力测试工具,其他工具只需要更换名称即可。
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