How to build a container cluster using PHP and Kubernetes

With the development of cloud computing technology, containerized architecture has become one of the popular technologies in the field of cloud computing. Kubernetes is an open source container orchestration system that helps developers automate deployment, scaling, operation and maintenance of containerized applications. PHP is a popular web development language, which is widely used in the development of web applications. So, how to use PHP and Kubernetes to build a container cluster?

1. Install the Kubernetes cluster

First, we need to install the Kubernetes cluster. Here we take using Minikube to build a local Kubernetes cluster as an example. Minikube is a lightweight, easy-to-install and use Kubernetes distribution that helps us develop and test Kubernetes applications locally.

The installation steps are as follows:

1.1. Install kubectl:

kubectl is the command line tool of Kubernetes, used to interact with the Kubernetes cluster. You can obtain the kubectl installation package from the Kubernetes official website.

1.2. Install Minikube:

You can download and install Minikube from Minikube’s official website. Minikube relies on virtualization technologies such as VirtualBox or VMware. Therefore, you need to make sure you have VirtualBox or VMware installed.

1.3. Start Minikube:

After the installation is complete, you need to run the following command to start Minikube:

minikube start

Minikube will start a lightweight Kubernetes cluster and Run it in a virtual machine.

2. Write a PHP application

Next, we need to write a PHP application to deploy it to the Kubernetes cluster.

2.1. Create a PHP file:

Create a PHP file named index.php and write the following code into it:

<?php
echo "Hello, Kubernetes!";
?>

2.2. Create a Dockerfile :

Create a file named Dockerfile in the same directory and write the following code into it:

FROM php:7.2-apache
COPY index.php /var/www/html/

Here we use the official PHP 7.2 Apache image and add index.php The file is copied to Apache's default document root.

2.3. Build a Docker image:

Use the following command to build a Docker image:

docker build -t php-app:v1 .

Among them, the -t parameter is used to specify the image name, v1 is the version number, . Represents the Dockerfile in the current directory.

3. Deploy PHP application

Now that we have prepared a Docker image of a PHP application, we need to deploy it to the Kubernetes cluster.

3.1. Create deployment:

Kubernetes uses deployment objects to manage the creation and deletion of Pods. In this example, we need to create a deployment named php-app to manage our PHP application. Execute the following command in the terminal to create a deployment:

kubectl create deployment php-app --image=php-app:v1

The --image parameter is used to specify the image name.

3.2. Create service:

After creating a deployment, we need to create a service object to expose the Pod in the deployment. In Kubernetes, the IP address of the Pod can be persisted through the service object, and the service discovery function can be provided through the ClusterIP of the service. Execute the following command in the terminal to create a service named php-app:

kubectl expose deployment php-app --type=ClusterIP --port=80

Among them, the --type parameter is used to specify the service type. ClusterIP is used here, and the --port parameter is used to specify the port of the service. .

4. Access the application

Now, we have successfully deployed the PHP application, and Kubernetes has also created the corresponding deployment and service objects. We can use the following command to view the status of deployment and service:

kubectl get deployments
kubectl get services

Next, we need to find the IP address of the service. You can use the following command to view the IP address of the created service:

kubectl get svc

Finally, we can access the PHP application through the browser. Enter the following address in the browser:

http://service-ip

where service-ip is the IP address of the service previously viewed.

Summary

Through the study of this article, we have mastered how to use PHP and Kubernetes to build a container cluster. We first installed the Kubernetes cluster, then wrote a simple PHP application and deployed the application in Kubernetes. Finally, we successfully accessed the app. I hope this article is helpful to you, and I hope you can master more technologies about containerization and Kubernetes in practice.

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