Go language is a modern programming language with efficiency, concurrency and portability. In practical applications, it is often necessary to deal with conversion problems between different encodings. This article will introduce the encoding conversion solution in golang.
In computers, characters are often represented as digital encodings, such as ASCII code, GB2312, UTF-8, etc. The character mapping relationships between different encodings are different, which also leads to their respective shortcomings and advantages.
ASCII code is a commonly used encoding method. It can only represent 128 characters, including uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and some special characters, which limits its application in internationalization. GB2312 is a Chinese character encoding method that can represent approximately 7,000 Chinese characters, but it is only popular within China. Similarly, UTF-8 encoding is also a commonly used encoding method. It can represent characters worldwide, but its disadvantage is that when dealing with East Asian languages, its number of bytes will be more compared to GB2312 or GB18030.
Therefore, it is necessary to convert between different encodings in order to be used in the corresponding scenarios.
Golang’s standard library provides encoding and unicode packages, which are used to deal with encoding-related issues and Unicode code point-related issues respectively. question.
In golang, characters are represented as rune types, and strings are composed of a series of rune types. The following will introduce commonly used encoding conversion functions and examples in golang.
2.1 Encoding conversion function in golang
2.1.1 bytes package
The bytes package provides some functions for reading and writing binary data, some of which are specialized Used to parse and serialize strings.
Function name function
func ToUpperSpecial Converts the string to uppercase, supports custom Locale
func ToLowerSpecial Converts the string to lowercase, supports custom Locale
func ToTitleSpecial Convert the string to title format, support custom Locale
func ToUpper Convert the string to uppercase
func ToLower Convert the string to lowercase
func ToTitle Convert the string to title format
func Title Convert the entire string to title format
func TrimSpace Remove the spaces at the beginning and end of the string
func Trim Remove characters Specified characters at the beginning and end of the string
func TrimFunc Removes the specified function at the beginning and end of the string
func TrimLeftFunc Removes the specified function on the left side of the string
func TrimRightFunc Removes the specified function on the right side of the string
func HasPrefix Determines whether the string contains the specified prefix
func HasSuffix Determines whether the string contains the specified suffix
func Index Returns the first occurrence of the specified substring in the string Position
func LastIndex Returns the position of the last occurrence of the specified substring in the string
func IndexFunc Returns the position of the first occurrence of a character that meets the specified condition in the string
func LastIndexFunc Returns the position of the last occurrence of a character that meets the specified condition in the string
func IndexByte Returns the position of the first occurrence of the specified character in the string
func LastIndexByte Returns the last occurrence of the character in the string The position where the specified character appears
func Count Returns the number of times the specified substring appears in the string
func Replace Replaces the specified substring in the string with another string
func ReplaceAll Replaces all specified substrings in the string with another string
func Split Splits the string into slices according to the specified delimiter
func SplitN Splits the string according to the specified delimiter Into slices, up to N times
func SplitAfter Splits the string into slices according to the specified suffix, and the suffix is included in each substring
func SplitAfterN Splits the string into slices according to the specified suffix , the suffix is included in each substring, split up to N times
func Join Merges the string slices into one string according to the specified delimiter
2.1.2 encoding package
encoding package provides a series of functions for encoding and decoding different character encoding methods, such as UTF-8, GB2312, etc.
Function name function
func Decode Decodes the byte slice of the specified encoding into a rune slice in UTF-8 format
func DecodeRune Decodes the byte slice of the specified encoding into Single rune
func DecodeLastRune Decode the last rune from the byte slice of the specified encoding
func Encode Convert the rune slice to the byte slice of the specified encoding
func RuneCount calculation The number of runes in the rune slice
func Runes Decodes the specified encoding byte slice into a rune slice
2.1.3 unicode package
The unicode package provides some functions Used to determine whether a character is a number, letter, etc.
Function name Function
func IsDigit Determines whether the character is a number
func IsLetter Determines whether the character is a letter
func IsLower Определяет, является ли символ строчной буквой
func IsUpper Определяет, является ли символ прописной буквой
func IsPunct Определяет, является ли символ знаком препинания
func IsGraphic Определяет, является ли символ прописной буквой. Для визуальных графических символов
2.2 Примеры преобразования кодировки в golang
Ниже приведены некоторые примеры преобразования кодировки в golang:
2.2 .1 Преобразование кодировки UTF-8 в GB2312
Пример 1. Используйте пакет кодирования golang для преобразования между кодировкой UTF-8 и кодировкой GB2312.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/axgle/mahonia"
)
func main() {
str := "你好，世界！"
enc := mahonia.NewEncoder("GB2312")
newStr := enc.ConvertString(str)
fmt.Println(newStr)
}2.2.2 Преобразование кодировки GB2312 в UTF-8
Пример 2. Используйте пакет кодирования golang для преобразования кодировки GB2312 в кодировку UTF-8.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/axgle/mahonia"
)
func main() {
str := "你好，世界！"
dec := mahonia.NewDecoder("GB2312")
newStr := dec.ConvertString(str)
fmt.Println(newStr)
}В практических приложениях проблема преобразования кодировки является распространенной проблемой. В этой статье представлено решение для преобразования кодировок в golang, которое в основном использует функции, предоставляемые пакетами кодирования и unicode, для преобразования между различными кодировками. Изучив это содержание, мы должны иметь более глубокое понимание и более точные практические навыки кодирования операций преобразования в golang.
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