How do we use PHP to achieve high-quality live broadcast functionality?

With the popularization of mobile Internet and the continuous development of network technology, live broadcast applications have become a very popular social method and business model. PHP is a programming language widely used in Web development. It is efficient and stable, and has become one of the first choices for live broadcast application development. This article will introduce how to use PHP to achieve high-quality live broadcast function, let us discuss together.

1. Technical preparation

Before using PHP to implement the live broadcast function, we need to have the following technical preparations:

1. PHP development environment: such as WAMP, MAMP, etc.
2. Live broadcast encoder: such as OBS, FFmpeg, etc.
3. Live broadcast server: such as Nginx-rtmp, SRS, etc.
4. Front-end page: Use HTML, CSS, JS and other technologies to implement the live broadcast page.

2. Implementation steps

1. Configuring the live broadcast encoder

Use the live broadcast encoder to capture and encode videos. We can use OBS software to configure. Configure the video capture and video encoding settings in the OBS software, then find the two options "Push Server URL" and "Stream Name" in the settings, and set these two options to the correct live broadcast server address and stream name.

2. Configuring the live broadcast server

The configuration of the live broadcast server is more important. We can use software such as Nginx-rtmp or SRS for configuration. Taking Nginx-rtmp as an example, we need to add the following configuration to the configuration file of the Nginx server:

rtmp {
    server {
        listen 1935;

        application rtmplive {
            live on;
            # 将流媒体文件保存到本地硬盘
            record all;
            record_path /usr/local/var/www/videos/rtmp/;
            record_suffix -%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S.mp4;
        }
    }
}

Through the above configuration, we enabled the rtmp protocol on the Nginx server and created a file named "rtmplive "application, in which the "live on" option indicates that the live broadcast function is turned on, and the streaming media files are also saved to the local hard disk for subsequent archiving and playback functions.

3. PHP backend

The PHP backend that implements the live broadcast function is mainly responsible for tasks such as receiving video streams, determining whether the live broadcast room exists, and pushing live streams. The code to receive the video stream can be as follows:

$app = "rtmplive";
$key = "stream1";

header('Content-Type: video/mp2t');

$fp = fopen("php://input", "r");
$bufferSize = 1024 * 1024;

while ($buffer = fread($fp, $bufferSize)) {
    // 推送直播流到Nginx服务器
    pushToRtmp($app, $key, $buffer);
}

fclose($fp);

In the above code, we use the streaming data processing mechanism, so it can be pushed during the data reception process without blocking the business. Among them, $app represents the live broadcast application name, and $key represents the streaming media name. The core code for pushing the live stream is as follows:

function pushToRtmp($app, $key, $data) {
    $socket = stream_socket_client('tcp://127.0.0.1:1935', $errno, $errstr);

    if (!$socket) {
        echo sprintf("ERROR: %s (%d)
", $errstr, $errno);
    } else {
        $request = "POST /$app/$key HTTP/1.0
";
        $request .= "Content-Type: video/mp2t
";
        $request .= "Content-Length: " . strlen($data) . "

";
        $request .= $data;

        fwrite($socket, $request);

        fclose($socket);
    }
}

When pushing the live stream, we need to use stream_socket_client to establish a TCP connection, send live data packets to the 1935 port of the Nginx server, and finally close the TCP connection.

4. Front-end page

After implementing the live broadcast function on the PHP backend, we need to use HTML, CSS, JS and other technologies to achieve the interaction and visual effects of the front-end page. For example, real-time video display, integrated comment area, like function, etc.

3. Live Broadcast Function Expansion

1. Delay Optimization

The delay problem of the live broadcast system has always been a hot topic, for scenarios such as awkward chats and game live broadcasts , the latency needs to be kept below a few seconds. We can use the hls or hds protocol provided by Nginx-rtmp for delay optimization. We also need to ensure the stability of the live broadcast server and sufficient storage space for streaming media.

2. Live barrage

Live barrage is usually implemented using protocols such as Websocket. At the same time, messages need to be cached and deduplicated. We can use technologies such as Redis to implement live barrages.

3. Live Recording

After the live broadcast ends, we can save and archive the live broadcast content to provide support for subsequent playback. You can use the record function of OBS or the live broadcast server for recording, or you can use technologies such as FFmpeg for transcoding and editing.

4. Summary

This article introduces how to use PHP to achieve high-quality live broadcast functions, including technical preparation, implementation steps and live broadcast function expansion. As a programming language widely used in web development, PHP has certain advantages and scalability in realizing live broadcast functions. Of course, when using PHP to implement live broadcast functions, we also need to pay attention to issues such as system performance, latency, and user experience to create more interesting live broadcast applications.

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