Installation and use of git under ubuntu

Ubuntu is a very popular open source operating system and is the choice of many developers. As projects grow and code bases become larger, code management becomes increasingly important. Git is a distributed version control system with the advantages of speed, stability and ease of use. Therefore, it has become the first choice for many teams for collaborative development. This article explains how to install and use Git on the Ubuntu operating system.

Installing Git

Installing Git in Ubuntu is easy, just run the following command:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install git

This will install the latest version of Git and get you ready to install it according to your needs to be configured.

Configuring Git

Before you start using Git, you need to make some necessary configurations. The following command will let you configure your name and email:

git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "youremail@domain.com"

This information will be displayed when you submit code and help other developers better understand where the code comes from. If you want to use the SSH protocol by default when pushing code, you can set the following global variable:

git config --global core.sshCommand "ssh -i /path/to/ssh/private/key"

Using Git

Now that you have completed the installation and configuration of Git, let's take a look How to use Git.

Create a new code repository

First, create a new code repository. In this example, we will initialize the repository in a new directory called my_project.

mkdir my_project
cd my_project
git init

Now, you have successfully created a new code repository.

Add code to the code repository

To add code to the code repository, you need to create files in the repository. For example, the following command will create a new file named README in the my_project directory.

echo "# My Project" >> README.md

Now, let’s add the file to Git and commit the changes.

git add README.md
git commit -m "Add README file"

This will add the file to Git and create a commit message for the change.

Pushing Changes

After that, if you want to push your changes to the remote repository, just run the following command:

git remote add origin git@github.com:yourusername/my_project.git
git push -u origin master

This will allow you to push your changes to Your code hosting platform, such as GitHub. If you want to push changes to a different server, just replace git@github.com:yourusername/my_project.git with your server information.

Pulling changes

When you are ready to update your local code from the remote repository, run the following command:

git pull origin master

This will automatically merge the remote old version control and the local version control.

Branch strategy

When using Git, branch decision-making is an important part. When establishing project collaboration rules, you need to first consider the starting branch and managers. On larger teams, there is usually one person responsible for review. When an issue is escalated to the person in charge, they need to choose whether to accept the changes and merge them onto the master branch. No one should directly modify the code in the master branch.

When using Git, we can create other branches based on the master branch. At this point, there is usually a master branch, called master, which stores the latest version of the code base. Outside of the master branch, there are other branches used to develop various new features, fix problems in the code, etc. Each new branch can be forked from the master branch, and new code changes can be merged into other branches at any time.

More Git commands

In addition to the commands we have introduced in this article, there are many other useful Git commands, such as:

git log

This will display the Git repository A history of all commits in .

git status

This command displays the status of the current Git repository, including whether changes have been staged and what is not tracked.

git branch

This command displays a list of local branches. Git repositories can often have multiple branches, especially in team development.

Conclusion

Through this article, you should understand how to install and configure Git on the Ubuntu operating system, and use it to create new code repositories and commit changes. Git is a popular code version control tool that helps you better manage your projects. If you want to learn more about Git, please refer to the official Git documentation.

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