Docker deploys golang project

With the rise of cloud computing and microservice architecture, container technology has attracted more and more attention from developers. Docker is one of the most popular containerization solutions currently. This article will introduce how to use Docker to deploy Golang projects, making our applications more convenient to manage and deploy.

1. Basic knowledge of Docker

Docker is a lightweight container engine that can package applications and required dependencies into a container, so that it can be easily deployed in different environments. Deploy in . Generally speaking, a Docker image contains the application code and required dependent libraries, operating environment, etc. We can create a container based on this image and then run our application in the container.

In Docker, there are several concepts that we need to understand:

1. Docker image: We can think of the Docker image as a read-only file system. It contains the code and required dependencies for our application.
2. Docker container: A Docker container is a runnable instance created from a Docker image. Containers can be started, stopped, and deleted, and the state within the container can also be saved and restored. Applications running in containers can access the file system and network resources in the container.
3. Docker warehouse: Docker warehouse is a place where Docker images are centrally stored. We can get the image we need from this warehouse, or we can push the image we created to the warehouse.

2. Preparation

Before we start deploying the Golang project, we need to install Docker and Golang first. For the installation of Docker, you can refer to the official documentation and will not go into details here. The installation of Golang is also relatively simple. We can download the binary package of the corresponding system from the official website and then unzip it.

In order to run our Golang application in a container, we also need to compile Golang into an executable file, and then package this executable file into a Docker image. When compiling, GOOS and GOARCH need to be set to the system and CPU architecture we want to deploy. For example, if we want to deploy to a Linux system, we need to set GOOS to linux; if we want to deploy to an ARM architecture device, we need to set GOARCH to arm.

3. Create a Dockerfile

The first step in creating a Docker image is to write a Dockerfile. A Dockerfile is a text file that contains a series of instructions that describe how to build a Docker image.

We can create a Dockerfile file in the root directory of the project, and then add the following content to it:

FROM golang:1.15.7-alpine3.13 WORKDIR /app COPY . . RUN apk update && apk add git RUN go mod download RUN go build -o main . EXPOSE 8080 CMD ["./main"]

This Dockerfile contains the following instructions:

1. FROM: This instruction is used to specify the Docker image we want to use. Here, we use the official Golang image, version 1.15.7, and the based operating system is Alpine Linux 3.13.
2. WORKDIR: This directive is used to specify the working directory in the container. Here we set it to /app.
3. COPY: This command is used to copy our project code to the /app directory in the container.
4. RUN: This command is used to execute some commands that need to be executed in the container. Here we executed three commands: update the Alpine Linux software library, install git, download the project's dependencies, and compile the code into an executable file.
5. EXPOSE: This directive is used to declare the port to be exposed by the container. Here, we declare that the port to be exposed by the container is 8080.
6. CMD: This instruction is used to specify the command to be executed when the container starts. Here, the command we specify to start is to run the executable file we compiled.

4. Build the Docker image

After writing the Dockerfile, we can use the docker build command to build the Docker image:

docker build . -t myapp

Among them, "." indicates where the Dockerfile is located folder, the -t parameter specifies the label of the image. Here we set the label to myapp. After the build is completed, we can use the docker images command to view all images, and we should be able to see the myapp image we just built.

5. Run the Docker image

After we have the Docker image, we can use it to create containers and run our Golang applications. Use the docker run command to run our application in a container. Before running, we need to specify the port mapping of the container. Here, we map the host's 8080 port to the container's 8080 port.

docker run -p 8080:8080 myapp

After running, we should be able to access our application through http://localhost:8080 in the browser.

6. Deployment to the cloud

In addition to local deployment, we can also deploy our Golang application to the cloud. The benefit of cloud deployment is that it can expand quickly and can also effectively reduce operation and maintenance costs. Here, we can use containerization solutions provided by some cloud service providers for deployment, such as Docker Swarm, Kubernetes, etc.

When deploying to the cloud, we need to make some modifications to the Docker image. In the above example, we packaged the application's code and dependencies together in a Dockerfile. In actual deployment, we may need to package applications and dependencies separately, so that applications can be managed and deployed more flexibly.

7. Summary

This article introduces how to use Docker to deploy Golang projects. With Docker, we can package the application and required dependencies into a container, making it easy to deploy in different environments. If you haven't tried Docker yet, you can install it on your own machine and give it a try. If you want to learn more about Docker, you can read Docker's official documentation or participate in some Docker community activities.

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