golang set project path

When developing using GO language, it is often necessary to set the project path for deployment and maintenance on different computers. This article will introduce the method of setting project paths in GO language and related knowledge.

1. Set GOPATH

First of all, you need to understand that in the GO language, the setting of the project path is achieved through the environment variable GOPATH. Therefore, setting GOPATH is the first step in setting the project path.

In Windows systems, you can set GOPATH through the following steps:

1. In the computer's property settings, find the advanced system settings and click "Environment Variables" in the pop-up dialog box .
2. Look for "GOPATH" in the system variable. If not, you need to add it manually and set its value to your project root directory path.

For example, in my Windows system, my GOPATH is set to "D:GoProject".

In Linux or Mac systems, setting GOPATH is also very simple. Just add the following line to the .bashrc or .profile file:

export GOPATH=your project root directory path

2. The role of GOPATH

After understanding how to set the environment variable GOPATH, let’s take a look at its role.

In GO language, all project files are stored in the src directory under GOPATH. In the GO language, the file path contains two parts, one is the path relative to the project root directory (that is, the path after $GOPATH/src), and the other is the file name.

For example, we want to write a program named "main" and create a directory named "hello" under the project root directory (GOPATH). The path of the file is "$GOPATH/src/hello" /main.go".

Therefore, the function of setting GOPATH is to put all project files in one place for easy management and maintenance.

3. Limitations of GOPATH

Of course, GOPATH also has its limitations. First of all, if we need to process multiple different GO projects at the same time, we need to set multiple GOPATH. Secondly, if a project needs to reference a third-party library, the source code of the library needs to be placed in the src directory under GOPATH. In this way, if you want to use different versions of the same third-party library, you must use different GOPATHs, otherwise conflicts will occur.

4. Methods to solve limitations

In order to solve the above problems, GO language also provides other methods for setting project paths. These methods can not only solve the limitations of GOPATH, but also improve the code reuse rate.

1. Vendor mechanism

The Vendor mechanism is a method provided by the GO language to solve dependency package management. Many third-party libraries can implement version management and references through the Vendor mechanism.

In the process of using the Vendor mechanism, you need to create a directory named "vendor" in the project root directory, and create a file named "vendor.json" in it to record the project All third-party packages it depends on and their version numbers.

2. Go Modules

Go Modules is a new feature introduced in Go1.11 version, which can solve the limitations of GOPATH and manage versions.

In the process of using Go Modules, first execute the following command in the project root directory to initialize a Go module:

go mod init module name

After execution, the GO language A file named "go.mod" will be automatically created in the project root directory. This file is used to record all third-party packages and their version numbers that the project depends on.

In the process of using Go Modules, you no longer need to set GOPATH, but manage dependencies through the go.mod file in the project root directory.

Summary

GO language is a simple and efficient programming language, and its powerful engineering features also provide us with a lot of convenience. During the development process, by setting the project path, we can manage and maintain the code more conveniently. At the same time, in order to solve the limitations of GOPATH, the GO language also provides many other dependency package management methods, such as the Vendor mechanism and Go Modules, making it easier for developers to write high-quality code.

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