mysql export garbled characters

MySQL database is a commonly used relational database, and its export function plays an important role in data backup and migration. But sometimes when we export the MySQL database, garbled characters will appear, which will cause the backup and recovery operations to fail. This article will introduce the reasons and solutions for garbled characters in MySQL export.

1. Cause analysis

There are many reasons why garbled characters appear during the MySQL export process. The common ones are as follows:

1. Character set mismatch: MySQL Supports multiple character sets. If the exported data is inconsistent with the character set of the imported target database, garbled characters will appear. For example, when we export data of a GBK character set in a UTF-8 character set database, garbled characters will appear.
2. Default character set of the operating system: In some operating systems, such as Windows, the default character set is GB2312, while the default character set of MySQL is UTF-8. If no conversion is performed, garbled characters will appear.
3. Export tool problem: Using different versions or different tools to export MySQL data can also lead to garbled characters.

2. Solution

Corresponding measures need to be taken to solve the problem of MySQL exporting garbled characters. Below are some common solutions.

1. Specify the correct character set

When exporting the database, specify the correct character set according to the actual situation, such as UTF-8, GBK, ISO-8859-1, etc. , this ensures that the data is correctly converted into the target character set. You can use the following statement in the command line:

mysqldump -u username -p --default-character-set=utf8 database_name > dump_file.sql

In tools such as MySQL Workbench, you can also set the character set of the exported file.

2. Specify file encoding

When exporting files, it is also important to specify the correct encoding. Common encodings include UTF-8, UTF-16, GBK, etc. You can use the following statement in the command line:

mysqldump -u username -p database_name > dump_file.sql --default-character-set=utf8 --result-file=dump_file.sql --default-character-set=utf8

In MySQL Workbench, after clicking the export button, a dialog box will pop up to set the export file encoding.

3. Convert file encoding

If garbled characters appear in the exported file, you can use tools such as iconv to convert the file encoding.

For example, convert a GBK-encoded file into a UTF-8-encoded file:

iconv -f gb2312 -t utf-8 dump_file.sql > new_dump_file.sql

4. Use tools to solve the garbled problem

In addition to manually modifying characters In addition to assembly and encoding, you can also use some tools to solve the garbled problem in MySQL export. Tools such as Recode and iconv can automatically identify data and complete the correct conversion at runtime.

When using tools, you need to choose the appropriate tool according to the specific situation. When using it, it is best to test to confirm whether the garbled problem can be solved normally.

Conclusion

It is very common for garbled characters to appear during the MySQL export process, but as long as you follow the above solutions, you can avoid garbled characters in the exported data. When choosing a solution, you need to choose it based on the actual situation and test to confirm whether it can be used normally.

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