How to analyze UDP protocol

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Release: 2023-05-12 14:49:12
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一、套接字(socket)

    套接字socket: ip地址 + port端口号。在TCP/IP协议中,它唯一标识网络通讯中的一个进程。套接字用来描述网络连接的 一对一关系。

    TCP/IP协议规定,网络数据流应采用 大端字节序,即 (内存)低地址高字节(数据)。

二、UDP_SOCKET 相关

    UDP 协议  ----  用户数据报协议(面向非连接)   ---  SOCK_DGRAM 

    h表示host,n表示network,l表示32位长整数,s表示16位短整数。

    IPv4地址格式定义在netinet/in.h中,IPv4地址: sockaddr_in结构体,包括16位端口号和32位IP地址

struct sockaddr_in
 {
    uint8_t sin_len;
    sa_family_t sin_family;
    in_port_t sin_port;
    struct in_addr sin_addr;
    char sin_zero[8];
};
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三、UDP socket 实例:

//udp_server.c

#include 
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include


void usage(const char *proc)
{
	printf("%s:[ip][port]\n",proc);
}

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	if(argc != 3)
	{
		usage(argv[0]);
		return 1;
	}
	char *_ip=argv[1];
	int _port=atoi(argv[2]);
	int sock=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
	if(sock < 0)
	{
		perror("socket");
		exit(1);
	}

	struct sockaddr_in local;
	local.sin_family=AF_INET;
	local.sin_port=htons(_port);
	local.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(_ip);
	if(bind(sock,(struct sockaddr*)&local,sizeof(local)) < 0)
	{
		perror("bind");
		exit(2);
	}
	int done=0;
	char buf[1024];
	struct sockaddr_in client;
	socklen_t len=sizeof(client);
	while(!done)
	{
		ssize_t _size=recvfrom(sock,buf,sizeof(buf)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&client,&len);
		if(_size > 0)
		{
			buf[_size]='\0';
			printf("[%s : %d]: %s\n",inet_ntoa(client.sin_addr),ntohs(client.sin_port),buf);
		}
		else if(_size == 0)
		{
			printf("client close...\n");
		}
		else
		{}
	}
	return 0;
}
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//udp_client.c

#include 
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include


void usage(const char *proc)
{
	printf("%s:[ip][port]\n",proc);
}

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	if(argc != 3)
	{
		usage(argv[0]);
		return 1;
	}
	char *_ip=argv[1];
	int _port=atoi(argv[2]);
	int sock=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
	if(sock < 0)
	{
		perror("socket");
		exit(1);
	}

	struct sockaddr_in local;
	local.sin_family=AF_INET;
	local.sin_port=htons(_port);
	local.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(_ip);
	if(bind(sock,(struct sockaddr*)&local,sizeof(local)) < 0)
	{
		perror("bind");
		exit(2);
	}
	int done=0;
	char buf[1024];
	struct sockaddr_in client;
	socklen_t len=sizeof(client);
	while(!done)
	{
		ssize_t _size=recvfrom(sock,buf,sizeof(buf)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&client,&len);
		if(_size > 0)
		{
			buf[_size]='\0';
			printf("[%s : %d]: %s\n",inet_ntoa(client.sin_addr),ntohs(client.sin_port),buf);
		}
		else if(_size == 0)
		{
			printf("client close...\n");
		}
		else
		{}
	}
	return 0;
}
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运行结果:

How to analyze UDP protocol

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