How to use PHP and Phalcon framework for application development

With the rapid development of the information age, the demand for Internet applications is increasing. As an open source programming language, PHP has become one of the preferred languages ​​for building Internet applications. As an emerging framework in PHP development, the Phalcon framework has huge advantages in performance, speed and scalability. This article will introduce how to use PHP and the Phalcon framework for application development, helping developers better utilize the advantages of the Phalcon framework to improve development efficiency.

1. Install the Phalcon framework
The Phalcon framework is an extension framework written in C language. You first need to download and install the Phalcon extension. The Phalcon extension can be downloaded from the official Phalcon website (https://phalcon.io/zh-cn/) or GitHub (https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/releases).

After downloading, unzip it, enter the unzipped directory, and execute the following commands to compile and install:

cd cphalcon/build
sudo ./install

After successful installation, add the Phalcon extension to the php.ini file:

extension=phalcon.so

2. Create Phalcon application
Phalcon has its own command line tool, through which the Phalcon application skeleton can be generated. Execute the following command to create a new Phalcon application:

phalcon create-project myapp

After execution, Phalcon will automatically generate the skeleton of the myapp project, including the directory structure, main files and code comments. The directory structure diagram is shown below:

3. Routing configuration
In the Phalcon framework, routing configuration determines how requests are routed to controllers and methods. Routing is implemented through Phalcon's routing component. In the config directory of the Phalcon application, you can find the routes.php file, which is the routing configuration file.

$router = new PhalconMvcRouter();

$router->add('/', [
    'controller' => 'index',
    'action' => 'index'
]);

$router->add('/login', [
    'controller' => 'session',
    'action' => 'login'
]);

$router->add('/logout', [
    'controller' => 'session',
    'action' => 'logout'
]);

$router->handle();

In the routing configuration, Phalcon's routing component is first instantiated, and then different routing rules are defined through the add method. Routing rules include routing addresses and routing targets. The routing address refers to the URL address of the request, and the routing target refers to the controller and method to be jumped to. After configuring the routing rules in the routing configuration file, you can obtain the requested parameters in the controller, and then perform corresponding processing based on these parameters.

4. Controllers and methods
The controller is the core part of the Phalcon application. The controllers directory can be found in the app directory of the Phalcon application, which contains all controllers. The controller is the logic code of the application, and the controller implements request processing and response to the server. The controller needs to inherit the basic controller class PhalconMvcController of the Phalcon framework.

Multiple methods can be defined in the controller, each method is responsible for processing specific requests. The method responds to different requests and returns the response information from the server.

5. Model and database operations
The model is the model part in the MVC architecture. In Phalcon, it refers to the access object of a data table. The model defines the mapping of a table in the system. Each model corresponds to a table structure and its data rows, and each data row corresponds to a model instance.

Phalcon’s model class inherits from PhalconMvcModel, which encapsulates a large number of database operation methods, including operations such as addition, deletion, modification, and query. In the controller, model classes can be instantiated for database operations. Phalcon can automatically map databases in model classes to avoid manually writing SQL queries.

6. View
The view part of Phalcon is implemented by the PhalconMvcView component. Phalcon provides various view engines, including PHP, Volt, Smarty, etc. View rendering is a process that combines template and model data. Phalcon provides some variables, functions and local variables that can be accessed in the template. The view engine can load and render by calling the view method in the controller.

7. Summary
Phalcon is a high-performance, fast, and scalable PHP framework that is very practical in application development. Through the routing components, controllers, models and other functions of the Phalcon framework, the development efficiency and operating efficiency of applications can be greatly improved. At the same time, the view engine of the Phalcon framework also provides rich functions and template engine support, making website development more flexible and efficient.

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