php program deployment documentation

PHP Program Deployment Document

As a popular server-side scripting language, PHP has been widely used in fields such as website development, Web application development, and command line scripts. How to deploy PHP programs has become one of the skills that every PHP programmer needs to master. This article will introduce the deployment process of PHP programs and help readers complete the deployment of PHP programs in different scenarios.

1. Building the deployment environment

First, we need to install the PHP environment on the target machine. You can install PHP in the Linux environment through the following command:

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install php

After the installation is completed, you can check the PHP version through the following command:

$ php -v

If you see the PHP version information, it means that the PHP environment is set up success.

2. Select a Web server

PHP programs need to be run through a Web server. Here are two common Web servers: Apache and Nginx.

2.1 Apache

Apache is one of the most popular web servers, supports multiple operating systems and is very easy to configure. Apache can be installed through the following command:

$ sudo apt-get install apache2

After the installation is completed, you can check whether Apache is running through the following command:

$ systemctl status apache2

If you see the status information of Apache, Apache is running normally.

2.2 Nginx

Nginx is a lightweight web server with faster performance and lower resource consumption than Apache. Nginx can be installed through the following command:

$ sudo apt-get install nginx

After the installation is completed, you can check whether Nginx is running through the following command:

$ systemctl status nginx

If you see the status information of Nginx, Nginx is running normally.

3. Deploy PHP program

After selecting the Web server, you can start deploying the PHP program. We can upload PHP program files to the server, or download the code to the target machine through version control tools such as Git.

3.1 Static website

If the PHP program only has simple HTML pages and static data, we can place these files in the root directory of the Web server. The root directory defaults to /var/www/html in Apache and /usr/share/nginx/html in Nginx.

Assume that the root directory of the PHP program is /var/www/myprogram, and we put all the files in it into the root directory. Then modify the configuration file of the web server to the following content:

Apache:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName myprogram.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/myprogram
</VirtualHost>

Nginx:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name myprogram.com;
    root /var/www/myprogram;
}

Restart the web server and you can access the PHP program through the browser.

3.2 Dynamic website

If the PHP program needs to dynamically generate pages, we need to configure the interaction method between the web server and PHP.

3.2.1 Apache mod_php

Apache can support PHP by adding plug-ins between PHP and the web server. The most common plug-in is mod_php. It can be installed through the following command:

$ sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php

Then you can add the following content to the Apache configuration file:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName myprogram.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/myprogram
    
    <Directory /var/www/myprogram>
        AllowOverride All
    </Directory>
    
    # Add the following two lines
    AddHandler php-script .php
    AddType text/html .php
</VirtualHost>

After restarting the Apache service, you can access the PHP program through the browser.

3.2.2 Nginx PHP-FPM

The communication method between Nginx and PHP is slightly more complicated than Apache. We need to use PHP-FPM to manage PHP processes. It can be installed through the following command:

$ sudo apt-get install php-fpm

Then you can add the following content to the Nginx configuration file:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name myprogram.com;
    root /var/www/myprogram;
    
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }
    
    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock; # PHP版本可能不同，需要根据实际情况修改。
    }
}

After the modification is completed, you need to restart the Nginx and PHP-FPM services.

4. Additional configuration

In actual use, we also need to perform some additional configuration, such as performance tuning, security settings, log management, etc.

4.1 Performance Tuning

PHP programs may encounter performance problems during operation. We can perform performance tuning in the following ways:

• Optimization SQL query;
• Cache data;
• Use OPcache;
• Enable Gzip compression;
• Avoid redirects.

4.2 Security settings

The security of the PHP program is also very important. We can improve the security of the program in the following ways:

• Disable danger PHP functions;
• Set correct file permissions;
• Avoid SQL injection;
• Enable HTTPS.

4.3 Log Management

Various errors and exceptions may occur during the running of PHP programs. We need to capture these problems through logs. PHP can record error logs through PHP's built-in error_log function.

We can enable the error log by:

Apache:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName myprogram.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/myprogram
    
    <Directory /var/www/myprogram>
        AllowOverride All
    </Directory>
    
    # Add the following two lines
    AddHandler php-script .php
    AddType text/html .php
    
    # Add the following two lines
    php_flag display_errors on
    php_value error_log /var/log/apache2/error.log
</VirtualHost>

Nginx:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name myprogram.com;
    root /var/www/myprogram;
    
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }
    
    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
        
        # Add the following two lines
        fastcgi_param  PHP_FLAG "display_errors=on";
        fastcgi_param  PHP_VALUE "error_log=/var/log/nginx/error.log";
    }
}

After enabling the log, we can view the error log by To understand the abnormal situation of the program and make repairs.

5. Summary

This article introduces how to complete the deployment of PHP programs by selecting a Web server, deploying PHP programs, performing additional configurations, etc., and analyzes common performance, Security and log management issues are introduced. Readers can choose different deployment methods according to the actual situation, and configure and perform performance tuning of the program to improve the performance and security of the program.

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