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How to achieve web navigation effect with css

PHPz

Release： 2023-04-25 11:32:12

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In the process of web page production, navigation is a very important component. Navigation is not only the core function of web pages, but also plays a role in beautifying web pages and improving user experience. In the process of beautifying and designing web pages, CSS, as the style sheet of the web page, can also be used to implement various navigation styles. This article will introduce how CSS implements web page navigation.

The basic structure of CSS style sheet

CSS style sheet is widely used in the design and layout of web pages. Its basic structure is as follows:

选择器{
    属性1:属性值1;
    属性2:属性值2;
    ...
}

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Among them, the selector, Refers to the element or collection of elements to be styled. Attributes refer to styles, such as color, width, height, etc., while attribute values refer to the values corresponding to the attributes. When a style sheet is applied to an HTML document, the style attributes inside are automatically applied to the corresponding HTML elements.

Basic concepts of CSS navigation menu

When using CSS style sheets to design navigation menus, you need to master the following basic concepts:

Menu items: each A navigation item is a menu item.
Selected items: The menu items selected by the user also need to have style changes to reflect their selected status.
Hover state: When the user hovers over a menu item, the style of the menu item also needs to change to prompt the user that the item has a clickable state.

Horizontal navigation menu implemented by CSS

The following will introduce how to implement a basic horizontal navigation menu through CSS. This menu item contains 5 different options. When the user clicks on a menu item, the background color of the corresponding menu item will change.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>CSS Horizontal Nav</title>
    <style>
        nav{
            display: inline-block;
            background: #e74c3c;
        }

        ul{
            list-style: none;
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            display: flex;
        }

        li{
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }

        a{
            color: #fff;
            display: block;
            padding: 10px;
            text-decoration: none;
        }

        a:hover,
        a:focus,
        a:active{
            background: #c0392b;
        }

        .active a{
            background: #ffffff;
            color: #e74c3c;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <nav>
        <ul>
            <li><a href="#" class="active">Home</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Services</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Portfolio</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
        </ul>
    </nav>
</body>
</html>

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By writing the above HTML and CSS code, we can implement a basic horizontal navigation menu. Among them, the specific implementation method is as follows:

First we need to define a
tag and put all navigation-related HTML elements into this tag.
Define a
- Definition style tag defines the general style of the menu item, including color, padding, etc.
- Define the change of style in the hover state. When the user hovers over an item, we need to add a background color to the item to prompt the user, and the corresponding text color must also be changed. Variety.
- Define the style in the active state. When the user clicks on an item, the style of the tag corresponding to the item will change, such as the background color, so that the user can distinguish it.

Vertical navigation menu implemented by CSS

In addition to implementing horizontal navigation menus, CSS can also implement vertical navigation menu design. The following is the HTML code for a basic vertical navigation menu:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>CSS Vertical Nav</title>
    <style>
        nav{
            display: inline-block;
            background: #2980b9;
            height: 100%;
        }

        ul{
            list-style: none;
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }

        li{
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }

        a{
            color: #fff;
            display: block;
            padding: 10px;
            text-decoration: none;
        }

        a:hover,
        a:focus,
        a:active{
            background: #2c3e50;
        }

        .active a{
            background: #ffffff;
            color: #2980b9;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <nav>
        <ul>
            <li><a href="#" class="active">Home</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Services</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Portfolio</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
        </ul>
    </nav>
</body>
</html>

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The implementation is slightly different from the horizontal navigation menu. We need to pay attention to the following points:

Set a width of 100% of the height for the
tag to ensure that the menu can occupy the vertical position of the entire form.
Basic vertical navigation menu style implementation, similar to the horizontal navigation menu, except that the sidebars are arranged vertically.
The style changes in the hover state are consistent with the horizontal navigation menu.
Define the style in the active state, which can also be implemented in the same way as horizontal navigation.

Summary

In this article, we elaborate on the application of CSS in web navigation design through two cases. Whether it is a horizontal navigation menu or a vertical navigation menu, CSS provides a wealth of properties and styles to implement it. I hope that through the introduction of this article, readers can further deepen their understanding of CSS and provide help for future web design work.

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