How to use Golang to implement gateway (framework sharing)

With the rapid development of the Internet, more and more applications require the development of back-end interfaces, and the invocation of these interfaces involves the collaboration of multiple services, so a unified entrance is needed for management and control. This entrance is the gateway.

Golang, as an efficient programming language, has been increasingly widely used in gateway implementation in recent years. The implementation of Golang gateway will be introduced below.

1. What is a gateway?

Gateway is a device that efficiently connects networks. It connects multiple networks and has routing, switching and access control functions. It is an important component of a complex network architecture.

In a distributed system, the gateway is the interface that connects applications and back-end services. For systems with multiple microservices, the gateway acts as a unified entrance. The interface is exposed to the outside through the gateway, skipping The process of internal communication of microservices to achieve efficient access.

2. Advantages of Golang gateway implementation

The asynchronous and non-blocking characteristics make services written in Golang have high concurrency capabilities, which exactly meets the characteristics of gateway requirements. The implementation of Golang gateway can take full advantage of the Goroutine pool and allow multiple requests to be processed concurrently instead of waiting for the previous request to end before starting to process the next one.

In addition, services written in Golang do not need to rely on other languages and running environments, and can be more freely configured and deployed on different platforms. At the same time, the Go language implements the native concurrency and event model to ensure that in the case of high concurrency and a large number of requests, the service processing capability will not be blocked, ensuring the efficiency of the gateway.

3. Golang gateway implementation framework

There are many Golang gateway implementation frameworks currently on the market, among which the more mature and widely used ones include:

1. Go- Kit

Go-Kit is a microservice framework written in Golang. It provides many tools, libraries and standard integration methods that can be used to build microservices.

Among them, the gateway module in Go-Kit provides strong horizontal expansion capabilities. It implements different endpoint objects or components to route requests to respective services, which is a way to achieve high scalability and flexibility.

2. GRPC

GRPC is a high-performance, open source, universal RPC framework. Its functions are similar to other RPC frameworks, but it uses the HTTP/2 protocol, has higher performance and more scalability, and supports multiple programming languages.

In the gateway implementation, GRPC provides service definitions that can cross programming languages, making it easy to use Go language services and services in other languages together.

3. CNCF API Gateway

CNCF API Gateway is an open source API gateway project under the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. It is written based on Golang and aims to provide a unified entrance for cloud native applications.

API Gateway implements a set of API interfaces and provides targeted API management services through API authorization, routing, load balancing, etc., and supports gateway cluster deployment under container platforms such as Kubernetes.

4. Workflow of Golang gateway

When implementing Golang gateway, the following processing flow is usually followed:

1. Receive the request

In After receiving the request, it first determines whether the URL to be accessed by the request is in the whitelist. If not, follow-up verification and authentication work will be performed. Otherwise, the verification and authentication process is not required and the request will be released directly.

2. Authentication and authorization

Authentication and authorization usually include user identity authentication, signature authentication, and authority authentication. After verification, we can limit the flow of different requests to avoid the pressure caused by malicious calls on the service.

3. Request forwarding

Forward the request through the corresponding back-end service of routing management.

4. Data conversion

After forwarding, on the basis of ensuring security and accuracy of the original data requested, the request data is processed, and format conversion and template rendering are performed as needed.

5. Response return

After processing the response of the backend service, it returns it to the calling source, ensuring the security and uniformity of the interface return.

5. Summary

Golang gateway is an important interface connecting the microservice system and the outside world. It is an essential component for high performance and high concurrency. When implementing Golang gateway, you can choose a mature framework or develop it yourself according to specific needs.

No matter which method is used, the advantages of Golang gateway implementation are obvious. It has the characteristics of high efficiency, high concurrency, and easy expansion. It can well meet the performance and load requirements of the gateway and is a stable and safe building. an important part of distributed systems.

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