Explore how to implement inheritance through Golang

Golang language may be more difficult to implement inheritance than other languages, such as C and Java, but in actual development, inheritance is still very useful. In this article, we will explore how to implement inheritance through Golang.

First of all, it needs to be made clear that Golang does not recommend the concept of inheritance, but it is still possible to implement inheritance.

In Golang, a concept similar to inheritance is implemented through combination. Specifically, it is to define a new structure and embed other structures in it, so that you can obtain the properties and methods of other structures, similar to inheritance.

Below we use some simple examples to show how to implement inheritance through combination.

First define a parent class:

type Parent struct {
    Name string
}

func (p *Parent) SayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, I am", p.Name)
}

Then define a subclass:

type Child struct {
    Parent
    Age int
}

func (c *Child) SayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, I am", c.Name, "and I am", c.Age, "years old.")
}

Here, we define a Child structure and embed the Parent structure in it body. The Child structure can access the properties and methods of the Parent structure. It can use the method SayHello() defined by the Parent structure, but it can also use its own defined SayHello() method.

Next, we use this structure:

func main() {
    child := Child{
        Parent: Parent{Name: "Jerry"},
        Age:    12,
    }
    child.SayHello()
    child.Parent.SayHello()
}

As you can see, we created a Child object and initialized the Name property using Parent. Then the Child's SayHello() method is called. The SayHello() method in the Child structure overrides the SayHello() method in the Parent structure, so "Hello, I am Jerry and I am 12 years old." will be output. When calling child.Parent.SayHello(), Since the SayHello() method in the Parent structure is not overridden, "Hello, I am Jerry" will be output.

Through the above examples, it can be seen that although inheritance is not recommended in Golang, concepts similar to inheritance can be implemented through combination. Of course, how to use this method still needs to be chosen according to the specific situation.

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