Detailed explanation of golang process control statements

Golang is a popular programming language especially suitable for building efficient web applications. One of the important components is the flow control statement. This article will introduce the flow control statements in Golang.

1. Branch statement

There are two main forms of branch statements in Golang: if statement and switch statement.

The basic format of the if statement is: if condition {execution result}. The condition can be any Boolean expression. If the condition is true, then the execution result will be executed. If the condition is false, it will not be executed.

Sample code:

if x > 10 {
  fmt.Println("x大于10")
} else {
  fmt.Println("x小于等于10")
}

The basic format of the switch statement is:

switch 变量 {
  case 值1:
    // 执行结果1
  case 值2:
    // 执行结果2
  default:
    // 执行默认结果
}

The variables can be of any type, and each case statement can contain multiple conditions. If the value of the variable matches the value in a case statement, the execution result in the case statement is executed. If none of the case statement conditions match, the execution result in the default statement is executed.

Sample code:

switch dayOfWeek {
  case "Monday":
    fmt.Println("星期一")
  case "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday":
    fmt.Println("星期二到星期五")
  case "Saturday", "Sunday":
    fmt.Println("星期六或星期日")
  default:
    fmt.Println("输入错误")
}

2. Loop statement

There are three main forms of loop statements in Golang: for statement, range statement and goto statement.

The basic format of the for statement is as follows:

for 初始化; 条件; 后处理 {
    // 执行结果
}

The initialization statement is executed before the loop starts, and the condition is an expression that will be tested each time it loops. If the condition is true, the execution result is executed. At the same time, post-processing statements are executed after the execution results.

Sample code:

for i := 1; i <= 10; i++ {
    fmt.Println(i)
}

The range statement is used to iterate over data types such as arrays, slices, channels, or sets. Its basic format is as follows:

for index, value := range arr {
    // 执行结果
}

where index is the subscript of an array, slice or collection, and value is the value corresponding to the subscript.

Sample code:

arr := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
for index, value := range arr {
    fmt.Printf("数组的下标为%d，值为%d\n", index, value)
}

The goto statement can be used to jump to other code locations in the program. Its basic format is as follows:

goto label
...
label: // 程序执行到此处
...

The goto statement will jump to the code location in the label.

Sample code:

for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
    if i == 5 {
        goto endloop
    }
    fmt.Println(i)
}
endloop:
fmt.Println("循环结束")

The above is the main introduction to flow control statements in Golang. Mastering these statements will make the writing of Golang programs more flexible and adaptable to various needs.

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