


What are the Linux environment variables?
Linux environment variables include: 1. HOME, the user’s home directory (also called home directory); 2. SHELL, the name of the Shell interpreter used by the user; 3. PATH, which defines the command line interpreter to search for user execution The path of the command; 4. EDITOR, the user's default text interpreter; 5. RANDOM, generates a random number; 6. LANG, the system language and language family name; 7. HISTSIZE, the number of historical command records output; 8. HISTFILESIZE; 9. PS1; 10. MAIL.
#The operating environment of this tutorial: linux7.3 system, Dell G3 computer.
What are environment variables
Variables are data types used by computer systems to store variable values. We can extract them directly through the variable name. to the corresponding variable value.
In Linux systems, environment variables are used to define some parameters of the system's operating environment, such as each user's different home directory (HOME), mail storage location (MAIL), etc.
It is worth mentioning that the names of environment variables in Linux systems are generally in uppercase letters, which is a convention.
Detailed explanation of Linux environment variables
##View syntax
env
View Single environment variable value
echo $ENVNAME
Set the value of the environment variable
ENVNAME=value
Environment variable list
Function | |
---|---|
The user’s home directory (also called home directory ) | |
The name of the Shell interpreter used by the user | |
Define the command line interpretation The path where the browser searches for the user's command execution | |
User's default text interpreter | |
Generate a random number | |
System language and language name | |
Output Number of historical command records | |
Number of saved historical command records | |
Bash interpreter prompt | |
Mail saving path |
Description
Using the env command, we can view all the environment variables of the current system. Using the echo command, we can view the value of a single environment variable. We can directly use the form of "environment variable name = value" to set the value of the environment variable. .Expand knowledge
Linux, as a multi-user and multi-tasking operating system, can provide independent and suitable work operations for each user. Environment, therefore, the same environment variable will have different values depending on the user's identity. For example, use the following command to view the values of the HOME variable under different user identities:[root@localhost ~]# echo $HOME /root [root@localhost ~]# su - user1 <--切换到 user1 用户身份 [user1@localhost ~]$ echo $HOME /home/user1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /home/work1 [root@localhost ~]# WORKDIR=/home/work1 [root@localhost ~]# cd $WORKDIR [root@localhost work1]# pwd /home/work1
[root@localhost work1]# su user1 <-- 切换到 user1,发现无法使用 WORKDIR 自定义变量 [user1@localhost ~]$ cd $WORKDIR [user1@localhost ~]$ echo $WORKDIR [user1@localhost ~]$ exit <--退出user1身份 [root@localhost work1]# export WORKDIR [root@localhost work1]# su user1 [user1@localhost ~]$ cd $WORKDIR [user1@localhost work1]$ pwd /home/work1
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