What is a device that can both input data to the host and receive data output from the host?

The device that can both input data to the host and receive data output from the host is disk storage; hard disk storage is an auxiliary storage that uses magnetic recording technology to store data on rotating disk media, and can both input data to the host. The data can also receive data output by the host, and has the characteristics of large storage capacity, high data transmission rate, and long-term storage of stored data.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, DELL G3 computer.

What is a device that can both input data to the host and receive data output from the host?

Disk storage is a read/write memory that can both input data to the host and Receive data output by the host.

Disk storage is an auxiliary storage that uses magnetic recording technology to store data on rotating disk media.

Magnetic disk storage (magnetic disk storage) is a memory that uses disk as the storage medium. It is an auxiliary memory that uses magnetic recording technology to store data on a rotating disc coated with magnetic recording media. It has the characteristics of large storage capacity, high data transmission rate, and long-term storage of stored data.

Introduction to structural principles

The disk rotates at a constant speed. The head block (floating head) with a floating surface suspended on the head arm is pressed against the disk surface by the force of the loaded spring, and the air flow driven by the disk surface floats the head block. Maintain a stable small gap between the head block and the platter. The air filtered by the dust filter is continuously sent into the disc cavity to keep the disc and head block in a highly purified environment to prevent scratches on the head block and disc surface. According to the track address (ie cylindrical surface address) and seek command sent by the controller, the positioning circuit drives the linear motor to move the head arm to the target track. The servo head reads the servo track signal and feeds it back to the positioning circuit, so that the head arm follows the servo track and stabilizes on the target track.

The reading, writing and head selection circuit turns on the selected magnetic head according to the magnetic head address sent by the controller, and records the data sent by the controller on the target track bit by bit in a serial manner; or vice versa, from Data is read from the selected track and sent to the controller. The head and arms are mounted on the comb trolley, and all head and arms move together during path seeking.

Concentric circular tracks with the same diameter on all data surfaces are collectively called cylindrical surfaces, that is, all the tracks that can be accessed by the head arm positioning at one time. Each track is recorded in a fixed format. After the index marking the start of the track, the track's address (cylinder number and head number), the condition of the track and other reference information are recorded. The error correction code of the segment is appended to the end of each recording segment. Errors caused by a few consecutive permanent defects are corrected by the error correction code. Tracks with multiple permanent defects must be replaced with spare tracks. Write and read operations are performed in units of record segments. There are two types of recording segment lengths: fixed segment length and variable segment length.

Extended knowledge

Disk drive

The disk drive drives the disk to rotate and pass on the disk surface The magnetic head is a device that performs writing and reading operations. The disk is mounted on the drive and spins at a constant speed. The magnetic heads float on the surface of the platter. Under the control of the disk controller, data operations are read and written on the magnetic layer of the disk through the electromagnetic conversion of the magnetic head.

Hard disk drives are divided into two types: fixed head arm type and mobile head arm type. Head-arm mobile hard disk drives can be divided into two categories: interchangeable and fixed. Because the new fixed disk uses Winchester technology, it is also called a Winchester disk drive, or a warm disk drive for short.

The maximum number of data bits that the disk drive can transmit to the computer per second is called the data transfer rate, expressed in kilobytes/second (KB/s) or megabytes/second (MB/s).

Disk Controller

The disk controller is the disk drive adapter. It is the interface device between the computer and the disk drive. It receives and interprets commands from the computer and sends various control signals to the disk drive. Detect the status of the disk drive, write data to the disk and read data from the disk according to the specified disk data format. There are many types of disk controllers, but their basic composition and working principles are generally the same. It mainly consists of a control logic circuit connected to the computer system bus, a microprocessor, a read and write data decoding and encoding circuit that completes read data separation and write data compensation, and a data error detection and correction circuit. According to the commands sent by the computer It consists of logic circuits that control data transfer, serial-to-parallel conversion, and formatting, read-only memory that stores disk basic input and output programs, and buffers for data exchange.

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