Java interview - talk about the methods of inter-process communication

Let’s take a look at the interview questions first:

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Interview question one : Inter-process communication methods (VIVO, Alibaba interview questions)

Interview question 2: What are the process communication methods? Ask me how to use them, what types of pipelines are there, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each. (Baidu interview questions)

1. The purpose of process communication

1. Data transmission
A process needs to send its data to another process.
2. Resource sharing
Share the same resources between multiple processes.
3. Notification events
A process needs to send a message to another process or a group of processes to notify it (them) that a certain event has occurred
4. Process control
Some processes want to completely control another process During the execution of a process (such as a Debug process), the control process hopes to intercept all traps and exceptions of another process and know its status changes in a timely manner.

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2. Methods of process communication

1. Pipe (pipe)
Pipeline is a half-duplex communication method. Data can only flow in one direction and can only be used between processes with affinity. Process affinity usually refers to the parent-child process relationship.
2. Named Pipe (FIFO)
Named pipe is also a half-duplex communication method, but it allows communication between unrelated processes.
3. Signal
is used to notify the receiving process that an event has occurred. It is mainly used as a means of synchronization between processes and between different threads of the same process.
4. Semaphore
The semaphore is a counter that can be used to control access to shared resources by multiple processes. It is often used as a locking mechanism to prevent other processes from accessing a shared resource when a process is accessing the resource.
5. Message Queue
The message queue is a linked list of messages, stored in the kernel. A message queue is identified by an identifier (queue ID). Message queues overcome the shortcomings of less signal transmission information, pipes can only carry unformatted byte streams, and limited buffer sizes.
6. Shared Memory
Shared Memory refers to two or more processes sharing a given storage area.
Features:
Shared memory is the fastest type of IPC because the process directly accesses the memory.
Because multiple processes can operate at the same time, synchronization is required.
Semaphore Shared memory is usually used together, and semaphores are used to synchronize access to shared memory.
7. Socket
Socket is also an inter-process communication mechanism. Unlike other communication mechanisms, it can be used for process communication between different machines

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