What language can a computer directly recognize and execute?

The language that computers can directly recognize and execute is machine language.

What is machine language?

Machine language is a programming language or instruction code that can be directly recognized by the machine. It does not need to be translated. Each operation code has a corresponding circuit inside the computer to complete it, or it can be used by the machine without translation. Directly understood and accepted programming language or instruction code.

Machine language uses absolute addresses and absolute opcodes. Different computers have their own machine languages, that is, instruction systems. From a usage perspective, machine language is the lowest level language.

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