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Summary of Java methods to determine whether a variable is a number

Release: 2019-11-25 10:34:36
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Summary of Java methods to determine whether a variable is a number

java判断变量是不是数字方法:(相关视频课程推荐:java视频教程

1、用JAVA自带的函数

public static boolean isNumeric(String str){
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++){
   System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
   if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))){
    return false;
   }
}
return true;
}
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2、用正则表达式

首先要import java.util.regex.Pattern 和 java.util.regex.Matcher

public boolean isNumeric(String str){
   Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("[0-9]*");
   Matcher isNum = pattern.matcher(str);
   if( !isNum.matches() ){
       return false;
   }
   return true;
}
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3、使用org.apache.commons.lang

org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
boolean isNunicodeDigits=StringUtils.isNumeric("aaa123456789");
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/lang/api-release/index.html下面的解释:
isNumeric
public static boolean isNumeric(String str)Checks if the String contains only unicode digits. A decimal point is not a unicode digit and returns false.
null will return false. An empty String ("") will return true.
StringUtils.isNumeric(null)   = false
StringUtils.isNumeric("")     = true
StringUtils.isNumeric(" ")   = false
StringUtils.isNumeric("123") = true
StringUtils.isNumeric("12 3") = false
StringUtils.isNumeric("ab2c") = false
StringUtils.isNumeric("12-3") = false
StringUtils.isNumeric("12.3") = false
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Parameters:
str - the String to check, may be null
Returns:
true if only contains digits, and is non-null
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上面三种方式中,第二种方式比较灵活。

第一、三种方式只能校验不含负号“-”的数字,即输入一个负数-199,输出结果将是false;

而第二方式则可以通过修改正则表达式实现校验负数,将正则表达式修改为“^-?[0-9]+”即可,修改为“-?[0-9]+.?[0-9]+”即可匹配所有数字。

如果我输入的是"a“,它能识别出来这个不是数字,该怎么写?

import java.io.* ;
import java.util.* ;
public class Test{
public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception{
System.out.println("请输入数字:");
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
   String line=br.readLine();
    if(line.matches("\\d+"))     //正则表达式 详细见java.util.regex 类 Pattern
   System.out.println("数字");
   else
   System.out.println("非数字");
}
}
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("\d")是数字0-9 ("\\d+")是什么意思?

正则表达式用两个斜杠表示一个斜杠,后面跟着一个加号表示出现一次或多次,完整的意思就是整个字符串中仅包含一个或多个数字。

4、判断ASCII码值

 public static boolean isNumeric0(String str){
  for(int i=str.length();--i>=0;){
   int chr=str.charAt(i);
   if(chr<48 || chr>57)
    return false;
  }
  return true;
 }
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5、逐个判断str中的字符是否是0-9

 public static boolean isNumeric3(String str){
  final String number = "0123456789";
  for(int i = 0;i
            if(number.indexOf(str.charAt(i)) == -1){  
             return false;  
            }  
  }  
  return true;
 }
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6、捕获NumberFormatException异常

 public static boolean isNumeric00(String str){
  try{
   Integer.parseInt(str);
   return true;
  }catch(NumberFormatException e){
   System.out.println("异常:\"" + str + "\"不是数字/整数...");
   return false;
  }
 }
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ps:不提倡使用方法6,原因如下:

1、NumberFormatException是用来处理异常的,最好不要用来控制流程的。

2、虽然捕捉一次异常很容易,但是创建一次异常会消耗很多的系统资源,因为它要给整个结构作一个快照。

看一下JDK源码:

 public static long parseLong(String s,int radix)  
         throws NumberFormatException  
 {  
    if(s == null){  
       throw   new   NumberFormatException("null");  
    }  
    if(radix < Character.MIN_RADIX){  
           throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
           " less than Character.MIN_RADIX");  
    }  
    if(radix > Character.MAX_RADIX){  
           throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
           " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");  
    }  
    long result = 0;  
    boolean negative = false;
    int i = 0,max = s.length();  
    long limit;  
    long multmin;  
    int digit;
    if(max > 0){  
     if(s.charAt(0) == &#39;-&#39;){  
      negative = true;  
      limit = Long.MIN_VALUE;
      i++;
     }else{
      limit = -Long.MAX_VALUE;
     }  
     multmin = limit / radix;
     if(i < max){  
      digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);  
      if(digit < 0){
            throw new NumberFormatException(s);  
      }else{  
            result = -digit;
      }  
     }  
     while(i < max){  
      // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
      digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);  
      if(digit < 0){  
       throw new NumberFormatException(s);  
      }  
      if(result < multmin){  
       throw new NumberFormatException(s);  
      }  
      result *= radix;  
      if(result < limit + digit){  
       throw new NumberFormatException(s);  
      }  
      result -= digit;  
    }  
    }else{  
     throw   new   NumberFormatException(s);  
    }  
    if(negative){  
     if(i > 1){  
      return result;
     }else{  
      throw new NumberFormatException(s);  
     }  
    }else{  
     return   -result;  
    }  
 }
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可以看出来jdk里也是一个字符一个字符的判断,如果有一个不是数字就抛出NumberFormatException,所以还不如这个工作由我们自己来做,还省得再抛出一次异常。

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