How to upload files in java
在Web应用系统开发中，文件上传和下载功能是非常常用的功能，今天来讲一下JavaWeb中的文件上传功能的实现。
java怎么上传文件
对于文件上传，浏览器在上传的过程中是将文件以流的形式提交到服务器端的，如果直接使用Servlet获取上传文件的输入流然后再解析里面的请求参数是比较麻烦，所以一般选择采用apache的开源工具common-fileupload这个文件上传组件。这个common-fileupload上传组件的jar包可以去apache官网上面下载，也可以在struts的lib文件夹下面找到，struts上传的功能就是基于这个实现的。common-fileupload是依赖于common-io这个包的，所以还需要下载这个包。（推荐教程：java教程）
一、开发环境搭建
创建一个FileUploadAndDownLoad项目，加入Apache的commons-fileupload文件上传组件的相关Jar包，如下图所示：
二、实现文件上传
2.1、文件上传页面和消息提示页面
upload.jsp页面的代码如下：
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>文件上传</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/UploadHandleServlet" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
上传用户：<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
上传文件1：<input type="file" name="file1"><br/>
上传文件2：<input type="file" name="file2"><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>message.jsp的代码如下：
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>消息提示</title>
</head>
<body>
${message}
</body>
</html>2.2、处理文件上传的Servlet
UploadHandleServlet的代码如下：
package me.gacl.web.controller;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
public class UploadHandleServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//得到上传文件的保存目录，将上传的文件存放于WEB-INF目录下，不允许外界直接访问，保证上传文件的安全
String savePath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
File file = new File(savePath);
//判断上传文件的保存目录是否存在
if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
System.out.println(savePath+"目录不存在，需要创建");
//创建目录
file.mkdir();
}
//消息提示
String message = "";
try{
//使用Apache文件上传组件处理文件上传步骤：
//1、创建一个DiskFileItemFactory工厂
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
//2、创建一个文件上传解析器
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
//解决上传文件名的中文乱码
upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");
//3、判断提交上来的数据是否是上传表单的数据
if(!ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request)){
//按照传统方式获取数据
return;
}
//4、使用ServletFileUpload解析器解析上传数据，解析结果返回的是一个List<FileItem>集合，每一个FileItem对应一个Form表单的输入项
List<FileItem> list = upload.parseRequest(request);
for(FileItem item : list){
//如果fileitem中封装的是普通输入项的数据
if(item.isFormField()){
String name = item.getFieldName();
//解决普通输入项的数据的中文乱码问题
String value = item.getString("UTF-8");
//value = new String(value.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"UTF-8");
System.out.println(name + "=" + value);
}else{//如果fileitem中封装的是上传文件
//得到上传的文件名称，
String filename = item.getName();
System.out.println(filename);
if(filename==null || filename.trim().equals("")){
continue;
}
//注意：不同的浏览器提交的文件名是不一样的，有些浏览器提交上来的文件名是带有路径的，如： c:\a\b\1.txt，而有些只是单纯的文件名，如：1.txt
//处理获取到的上传文件的文件名的路径部分，只保留文件名部分
filename = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
//获取item中的上传文件的输入流
InputStream in = item.getInputStream();
//创建一个文件输出流
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(savePath + "\\" + filename);
//创建一个缓冲区
byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];
//判断输入流中的数据是否已经读完的标识
int len = 0;
//循环将输入流读入到缓冲区当中，(len=in.read(buffer))>0就表示in里面还有数据
while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
//使用FileOutputStream输出流将缓冲区的数据写入到指定的目录(savePath + "\\" + filename)当中
out.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//关闭输入流
in.close();
//关闭输出流
out.close();
//删除处理文件上传时生成的临时文件
item.delete();
message = "文件上传成功！";
}
}
}catch (Exception e) {
message= "文件上传失败！";
e.printStackTrace();
}
request.setAttribute("message",message);
request.getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}在Web.xml文件中注册UploadHandleServlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>UploadHandleServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>me.gacl.web.controller.UploadHandleServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>UploadHandleServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/UploadHandleServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>文件上传成功之后，上传的文件保存在了WEB-INF目录下的upload目录，如下图所示：
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