Commonly used algorithms and data structures in PHP

墨辰丷
Release: 2023-03-25 19:40:01
Original
1838 people have browsed it

This article mainly introduces the commonly used algorithms and data structures in PHP. Interested friends can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.


        
"; //--------------------------------------- // 常用排序算法 //--------------------------------------- //冒泡排序 function BubbleSort($arr){ $length = count($arr); if($length<=1){ return $arr; } for($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){ for($j=$length-1;$j>$i;$j--){ if($arr[$j]<$arr[$j-1]){ $tmp = $arr[$j]; $arr[$j] = $arr[$j-1]; $arr[$j-1] = $tmp; } } } return $arr; } echo '冒泡排序:'; echo implode(' ',BubbleSort($arr))."
"; //快速排序 function QSort($arr){ $length = count($arr); if($length <=1){ return $arr; } $pivot = $arr[0];//枢轴 $left_arr = array(); $right_arr = array(); for($i=1;$i<$length;$i++){//注意$i从1开始0是枢轴 if($arr[$i]<=$pivot){ $left_arr[] = $arr[$i]; }else{ $right_arr[] = $arr[$i]; } } $left_arr = QSort($left_arr);//递归排序左半部分 $right_arr = QSort($right_arr);//递归排序右半部份 return array_merge($left_arr,array($pivot),$right_arr);//合并左半部分、枢轴、右半部分 } echo "快速排序:"; echo implode(' ',QSort($arr))."
"; //选择排序(不稳定) function SelectSort($arr){ $length = count($arr); if($length<=1){ return $arr; } for($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){ $min = $i; for($j=$i+1;$j<$length;$j++){ if($arr[$j]<$arr[$min]){ $min = $j; } } if($i != $min){ $tmp = $arr[$i]; $arr[$i] = $arr[$min]; $arr[$min] = $tmp; } } return $arr; } echo "选择排序:"; echo implode(' ',SelectSort($arr))."
"; //插入排序 function InsertSort($arr){ $length = count($arr); if($length <=1){ return $arr; } for($i=1;$i<$length;$i++){ $x = $arr[$i]; $j = $i-1; while($x<$arr[$j] && $j>=0){ $arr[$j+1] = $arr[$j]; $j--; } $arr[$j+1] = $x; } return $arr; } echo '插入排序:'; echo implode(' ',InsertSort($arr))."
"; //--------------------------------------- // 常用查找算法 //--------------------------------------- //二分查找 function binary_search($arr,$low,$high,$key){ while($low<=$high){ $mid = intval(($low+$high)/2); if($key == $arr[$mid]){ return $mid+1; }elseif($key<$arr[$mid]){ $high = $mid-1; }elseif($key>$arr[$mid]){ $low = $mid+1; } } return -1; } $key = 6; echo "二分查找{$key}的位置:"; echo binary_search(QSort($arr),0,8,$key); //顺序查找 function SqSearch($arr,$key){ $length = count($arr); for($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){ if($key == $arr[$i]){ return $i+1; } } return -1; } $key = 8; echo "
顺序常规查找{$key}的位置:"; echo SqSearch($arr,$key); //--------------------------------------- // 常用数据结构 //--------------------------------------- //线性表的删除(数组实现) function delete_array_element($arr,$pos){ $length = count($arr); if($pos<1 || $pos>$length){ return "删除位置出错!"; } for($i=$pos-1;$i<$length-1;$i++){ $arr[$i] = $arr[$i+1]; } array_pop($arr); return $arr; } $pos = 3; echo "
除第{$pos}位置上的元素后:"; echo implode(' ',delete_array_element($arr,$pos))."
"; /** * Class Node * PHP模拟链表的基本操作 */ class Node{ public $data = ''; public $next = null; } //初始化 function init($linkList){ $linkList->data = 0; //用来记录链表长度 $linkList->next = null; } //头插法创建链表 function createHead(&$linkList,$length){ for($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){ $newNode = new Node(); $newNode->data = $i; $newNode->next = $linkList->next;//因为PHP中对象本身就是引用所以不用再可用“&” $linkList->next = $newNode; $linkList->data++; } } //尾插法创建链表 function createTail(&$linkList,$length){ $r = $linkList; for($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){ $newNode = new Node(); $newNode->data = $i; $newNode->next = $r->next; $r->next = $newNode; $r = $newNode; $linkList->data++; } } //在指定位置插入指定元素 function insert($linkList,$pos,$elem){ if($pos<1 && $pos>$linkList->data+1){ echo "插入位置错误!"; } $p = $linkList; for($i=1;$i<$pos;$i++){ $p = $p->next; } $newNode = new Node(); $newNode->data = $elem; $newNode->next = $p->next; $p->next = $newNode; } //删除指定位置的元素 function delete($linkList,$pos){ if($pos<1 && $pos>$linkList->data+1){ echo "位置不存在!"; } $p = $linkList; for($i=1;$i<$pos;$i++){ $p = $p->next; } $q = $p->next; $p->next = $q->next; unset($q); $linkList->data--; } //输出链表数据 function show($linkList){ $p = $linkList->next; while($p!=null){ echo $p->data." "; $p = $p->next; } echo '
'; } $linkList = new Node(); init($linkList);//初始化 createTail($linkList,10);//尾插法创建链表 show($linkList);//打印出链表 insert($linkList,3,'a');//插入 show($linkList); delete($linkList,3);//删除 show($linkList); /** * Class Stack * 用PHP模拟顺序栈的基本操作 */ class Stack{ //用默认值直接初始化栈了,也可用构造方法初始化栈 private $top = -1; private $maxSize = 5; private $stack = array(); //入栈 public function push($elem){ if($this->top >= $this->maxSize-1){ echo "栈已满!
"; return; } $this->top++; $this->stack[$this->top] = $elem; } //出栈 public function pop(){ if($this->top == -1){ echo "栈是空的!"; return ; } $elem = $this->stack[$this->top]; unset($this->stack[$this->top]); $this->top--; return $elem; } //打印栈 public function show(){ for($i=$this->top;$i>=0;$i--){ echo $this->stack[$i]." "; } echo "
"; } } $stack = new Stack(); $stack->push(3); $stack->push(5); $stack->push(8); $stack->push(7); $stack->push(9); $stack->push(2); $stack->show(); $stack->pop(); $stack->pop(); $stack->pop(); $stack->show(); /** * Class Deque * 使用PHP实现双向队列 */ class Deque{ private $queue = array(); public function addFirst($item){//头入队 array_unshift($this->queue,$item); } public function addLast($item){//尾入队 array_push($this->queue,$item); } public function removeFirst(){//头出队 array_shift($this->queue); } public function removeLast(){//尾出队 array_pop($this->queue); } public function show(){//打印 foreach($this->queue as $item){ echo $item." "; } echo "
"; } } $deque = new Deque(); $deque->addFirst(2); $deque->addLast(3); $deque->addLast(4); $deque->addFirst(5); $deque->show(); //PHP解决约瑟夫环问题 //方法一 function joseph_ring($n,$m){ $arr = range(1,$n); $i = 0; while(count($arr)>1){ $i=$i+1; $head = array_shift($arr); if($i%$m != 0){ //如果不是则重新压入数组 array_push($arr,$head); } } return $arr[0]; } //方法二 function joseph_ring2($n,$m){ $r = 0; for($i=2;$i<=$n;$i++){ $r = ($r+$m)%$i; } return $r + 1; } echo "
".joseph_ring(60,5)."
"; echo "
".joseph_ring2(60,5)."
";
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