A brief discussion on Vue-cli command line tool
Vue.js 提供一个官方命令行工具,可用于快速搭建大型单页应用。vue-webpack-boilerplate,官方定义为:full-featured Webpack setup with hot-reload, lint-on-save, unit testing & css extraction.本文主要介绍了浅谈Vue-cli 命令行工具分析,小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,也给大家做个参考。一起跟随小编过来看看吧,希望能帮助到大家。
目录结构:
├── README.md ├── build │ ├── build.js │ ├── utils.js │ ├── vue-loader.conf.js │ ├── webpack.base.conf.js │ ├── webpack.dev.conf.js │ └── webpack.prod.conf.js ├── config │ ├── dev.env.js │ ├── index.js │ └── prod.env.js ├── index.html ├── package.json ├── src │ ├── App.vue │ ├── assets │ │ └── logo.png │ ├── components │ │ └── Hello.vue │ └── main.js └── static
config 环境配置
config 配置文件用来配置 devServer 的相关设定,通过配置 NODE_ENV 来确定使用何种模式(开发、生产、测试或其他)
config |- index.js #配置文件 |- dev.env.js #开发模式 |- prod.env.js #生产模式
index.js
'use strict'
const path = require('path');
module.exports = {
dev: {
// 路径
assetsSubDirectory: 'static', // path:用来存放打包后文件的输出目录
assetsPublicPath: '/', // publicPath:指定资源文件引用的目录
proxyTable: {}, // 代理示例: proxy: [{context: ["/auth", "/api"],target: "http://localhost:3000",}]
// 开发服务器变量设置
host: 'localhost',
port: 8080,
autoOpenBrowser: true, // 自动打开浏览器devServer.open
errorOverlay: true, // 浏览器错误提示 devServer.overlay
notifyOnErrors: true, // 配合 friendly-errors-webpack-plugin
poll: true, // 使用文件系统(file system)获取文件改动的通知devServer.watchOptions
// source map
cssSourceMap: false, // develop 下不生成 sourceMap
devtool: 'eval-source-map' // 增强调试 可能的推荐值:eval, eval-source-map(推荐), cheap-eval-source-map, cheap-module-eval-source-map 详细:https://doc.webpack-china.org/configuration/devtool
},
build: {
// index模板文件
index: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist/index.html'),
// 路径
assetsRoot: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
assetsPublicPath: '/',
// bundleAnalyzerReport
bundleAnalyzerReport: process.env.npm_config_report,
// Gzip
productionGzip: false, // 默认 false
productionGzipExtensions: ['js', 'css'],
// source map
productionSourceMap: true, // production 下是生成 sourceMap
devtool: '#source-map' // devtool: 'source-map' ?
}
}dev.env.js
'use strict'
const merge = require('webpack-merge');
const prodEnv = require('./prod.env');
module.exports = merge(prodEnv, {
NODE_ENV: '"development"'
});
prod.env.js
'use strict'
module.exports = {
NODE_ENV: '"production"'
};build Webpack配置
build |- utils.js #代码段 |- webpack.base.conf.js #基础配置文件 |- webpack.dev.conf.js #开发模式配置文件 |- webpack.prod.conf.js #生产模式配置文件 |- build.js #编译入口
实用代码段 utils.js
const config = require('../config')
const path = require('path')
exports.assetsPath = function (_path) {
const assetsSubDirectory = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
? config.build.assetsSubDirectory // 'static'
: config.dev.assetsSubDirectory
return path.posix.join(assetsSubDirectory, _path) // posix方法修正路径
}
exports.cssLoaders = function (options) { // 示例: ({ sourceMap: config.dev.cssSourceMap, usePostCSS: true })
options = options || {};
// cssLoader
const cssLoader = {
loader: 'css-loader',
options: { sourceMap: options.sourceMap }
}
// postcssLoader
var postcssLoader = {
loader: 'postcss-loader',
options: { sourceMap: options.sourceMap }
}
// 生成 loader
function generateLoaders (loader, loaderOptions) {
const loaders = options.usePostCSS ? [cssLoader, postcssLoader] : [cssLoader] // 设置默认loader
if (loader) {
loaders.push({
loader: loader + '-loader',
options: Object.assign({}, loaderOptions, { // 生成 options 对象
sourceMap: options.sourceMap
})
})
}
// 生产模式中提取css
if (options.extract) { // 如果 options 中的 extract 为 true 配合生产模式
return ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
use: loaders,
fallback: 'vue-style-loader' // 默认使用 vue-style-loader
})
} else {
return ['vue-style-loader'].concat(loaders)
}
}
return { // 返回各种 loaders 对象
css: generateLoaders(),
postcss: generateLoaders(),
less: generateLoaders('less'),
// 示例:[
// { loader: 'css-loader', options: { sourceMap: true/false } },
// { loader: 'postcss-loader', options: { sourceMap: true/false } },
// { loader: 'less-loader', options: { sourceMap: true/false } },
// ]
sass: generateLoaders('sass', { indentedSyntax: true }),
scss: generateLoaders('sass'),
stylus: generateLoaders('stylus'),
styl: generateLoaders('stylus')
}
}
exports.styleLoaders = function (options) {
const output = [];
const loaders = exports.cssLoaders(options);
for (const extension in loaders) {
const loader = loaders[extension]
output.push({
test: new RegExp('\\.' + extension + '$'),
use: loader
})
// 示例:
// {
// test: new RegExp(\\.less$),
// use: {
// loader: 'less-loader', options: { sourceMap: true/false }
// }
// }
}
return output
}
exports.createNotifierCallback = function () { // 配合 friendly-errors-webpack-plugin
// 基本用法:notifier.notify('message');
const notifier = require('node-notifier'); // 发送跨平台通知系统
return (severity, errors) => {
// 当前设定是只有出现 error 错误时触发 notifier 发送通知
if (severity !== 'error') { return } // 严重程度可以是 'error' 或 'warning'
const error = errors[0]
const filename = error.file && error.file.split('!').pop();
notifier.notify({
title: pkg.name,
message: severity + ': ' + error.name,
subtitle: filename || ''
// icon: path.join(__dirname, 'logo.png') // 通知图标
})
}
}基础配置文件 webpack.base.conf.js
基础的 webpack 配置文件主要根据模式定义了入口出口,以及处理 vue, babel 等的各种模块,是最为基础的部分。其他模式的配置文件以此为基础通过 webpack-merge 合并。
'use strict'
const path = require('path');
const utils = require('./utils');
const config = require('../config');
function resolve(dir) {
return path.join(__dirname, '..', dir);
}
module.exports = {
context: path.resolve(__dirname, '../'), // 基础目录
entry: {
app: './src/main.js'
},
output: {
path: config.build.assetsRoot, // 默认'../dist'
filename: '[name].js',
publicPath: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
? config.build.assetsPublicPath // 生产模式publicpath
: config.dev.assetsPublicPath // 开发模式publicpath
},
resolve: { // 解析确定的拓展名,方便模块导入
extensions: ['.js', '.vue', '.json'],
alias: { // 创建别名
'vue$': 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js',
'@': resolve('src') // 如 '@/components/HelloWorld'
}
},
module: {
rules: [{
test: /\.vue$/, // vue 要在babel之前
loader: 'vue-loader',
options: vueLoaderConfig //可选项: vue-loader 选项配置
},{
test: /\.js$/, // babel
loader: 'babel-loader',
include: [resolve('src')]
},{ // url-loader 文件大小低于指定的限制时,可返回 DataURL,即base64
test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg)(\?.*)?$/, // url-loader 图片
loader: 'url-loader',
options: { // 兼容性问题需要将query换成options
limit: 10000, // 默认无限制
name: utils.assetsPath('img/[name].[hash:7].[ext]') // hash:7 代表 7 位数的 hash
}
},{
test: /\.(mp4|webm|ogg|mp3|wav|flac|aac)(\?.*)?$/, // url-loader 音视频
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('media/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},{
test: /\.(woff2?|eot|ttf|otf)(\?.*)?$/, // url-loader 字体
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('fonts/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
}
]
},
node: { // 是否 polyfill 或 mock
setImmediate: false,
dgram: 'empty',
fs: 'empty',
net: 'empty',
tls: 'empty',
child_process: 'empty'
}
}开发模式配置文件 webpack.dev.conf.js
开发模式的配置文件主要引用了 config 对于 devServer 的设定,对 css 文件的处理,使用 DefinePlugin 判断是否生产环境,以及其他一些插件。
'use strict'
const webpack = require('webpack');
const config = require('../config');
const merge = require('webpack-merge');
const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const portfinder = require('portfinder'); // 自动检索下一个可用端口
const FriendlyErrorsPlugin = require('friendly-errors-webpack-plugin'); // 友好提示错误信息
const devWebpackConfig = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
module: {
rules: utils.styleLoaders({ sourceMap: config.dev.cssSourceMap, usePostCSS: true })
// 自动生成了 css, postcss, less 等规则,与自己一个个手写一样,默认包括了 css 和 postcss 规则
},
devtool: config.dev.devtool,// 添加元信息(meta info)增强调试
// devServer 在 /config/index.js 处修改
devServer: {
clientLogLevel: 'warning', // console 控制台显示的消息,可能的值有 none, error, warning 或者 info
historyApiFallback: true, // History API 当遇到 404 响应时会被替代为 index.html
hot: true, // 模块热替换
compress: true, // gzip
host: process.env.HOST || config.dev.host, // process.env 优先
port: process.env.PORT || config.dev.port, // process.env 优先
open: config.dev.autoOpenBrowser, // 是否自动打开浏览器
overlay: config.dev.errorOverlay ? { // warning 和 error 都要显示
warnings: true,
errors: true,
} : false,
publicPath: config.dev.assetsPublicPath, // 配置publicPath
proxy: config.dev.proxyTable, // 代理
quiet: true, // 控制台是否禁止打印警告和错误 若使用 FriendlyErrorsPlugin 此处为 true
watchOptions: {
poll: config.dev.poll, // 文件系统检测改动
}
},
plugins: [
new webpack.DefinePlugin({
'process.env': require('../config/dev.env') // 判断生产环境或开发环境
}),
new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(), // 热加载
new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(), // 热加载时直接返回更新的文件名,而不是id
new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin(), // 跳过编译时出错的代码并记录下来,主要作用是使编译后运行时的包不出错
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ // 该插件可自动生成一个 html5 文件或使用模板文件将编译好的代码注入进去
filename: 'index.html',
template: 'index.html',
inject: true // 可能的选项有 true, 'head', 'body', false
}),
]
})
module.exports = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
portfinder.basePort = process.env.PORT || config.dev.port; // 获取当前设定的端口
portfinder.getPort((err, port) => {
if (err) { reject(err) } else {
process.env.PORT = port; // process 公布端口
devWebpackConfig.devServer.port = port; // 设置 devServer 端口
devWebpackConfig.plugins.push(new FriendlyErrorsPlugin({ // 错误提示插件
compilationSuccessInfo: {
messages: [`Your application is running here: http://${config.dev.host}:${port}`],
},
onErrors: config.dev.notifyOnErrors ? utils.createNotifierCallback() : undefined
}))
resolve(devWebpackConfig);
}
})
})生产模式配置文件 webpack.prod.conf.js
'use strict'
const path = require('path');
const utils = require('./utils');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const config = require('../config');
const merge = require('webpack-merge');
const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf');
const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin');
const OptimizeCSSPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin');
const env = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
? require('../config/prod.env')
: require('../config/dev.env')
const webpackConfig = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
module: {
rules: utils.styleLoaders({
sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap, // production 下生成 sourceMap
extract: true, // util 中 styleLoaders 方法内的 generateLoaders 函数
usePostCSS: true
})
},
devtool: config.build.productionSourceMap ? config.build.devtool : false,
output: {
path: config.build.assetsRoot,
filename: utils.assetsPath('js/[name].[chunkhash].js'),
chunkFilename: utils.assetsPath('js/[id].[chunkhash].js')
},
plugins: [
new webpack.DefinePlugin({ 'process.env': env }),
new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin({ // js 代码压缩还可配置 include, cache 等,也可用 babel-minify
compress: { warnings: false },
sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap,
parallel: true // 充分利用多核cpu
}),
// 提取 js 文件中的 css
new ExtractTextPlugin({
filename: utils.assetsPath('css/[name].[contenthash].css'),
allChunks: false,
}),
// 压缩提取出的css
new OptimizeCSSPlugin({
cssProcessorOptions: config.build.productionSourceMap
? { safe: true, map: { inline: false } }
: { safe: true }
}),
// 生成 html
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
filename: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
? config.build.index
: 'index.html',
template: 'index.html',
inject: true,
minify: {
removeComments: true,
collapseWhitespace: true,
removeAttributeQuotes: true
},
chunksSortMode: 'dependency' // 按 dependency 的顺序引入
}),
new webpack.HashedModuleIdsPlugin(), // 根据模块的相对路径生成一个四位数的 hash 作为模块 id
new webpack.optimize.ModuleConcatenationPlugin(), // 预编译所有模块到一个闭包中
// 拆分公共模块
new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
name: 'vendor',
minChunks: function (module) {
return (
module.resource &&
/\.js$/.test(module.resource) &&
module.resource.indexOf(
path.join(__dirname, '../node_modules')
) === 0
)
}
}),
new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
name: 'manifest',
minChunks: Infinity
}),
new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
name: 'app',
async: 'vendor-async',
children: true,
minChunks: 3
}),
// 拷贝静态文档
new CopyWebpackPlugin([{
from: path.resolve(__dirname, '../static'),
to: config.build.assetsSubDirectory,
ignore: ['.*']
}])]
})
if (config.build.productionGzip) { // gzip 压缩
const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin');
webpackConfig.plugins.push(
new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
asset: '[path].gz[query]',
algorithm: 'gzip',
test: new RegExp('\\.(' + config.build.productionGzipExtensions.join('|') + ')$'),
threshold: 10240, // 10kb 以上大小的文件才压缩
minRatio: 0.8 // 最小比例达到 .8 时才压缩
})
)
}
if (config.build.bundleAnalyzerReport) { // 可视化分析包的尺寸
const BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer').BundleAnalyzerPlugin;
webpackConfig.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin());
}
module.exports = webpackConfig;build.js 编译入口
'use strict'
process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production'; // 设置当前环境为生产环境
const ora = require('ora'); //loading...进度条
const rm = require('rimraf'); //删除文件 'rm -rf'
const chalk = require('chalk'); //stdout颜色设置
const webpack = require('webpack');
const path = require('path');
const config = require('../config');
const webpackConfig = require('./webpack.prod.conf');
const spinner = ora('正在编译...');
spinner.start();
// 清空文件夹
rm(path.join(config.build.assetsRoot, config.build.assetsSubDirectory), err => {
if (err) throw err;
// 删除完成回调函数内执行编译
webpack(webpackConfig, function (err, stats) {
spinner.stop();
if (err) throw err;
// 编译完成,输出编译文件
process.stdout.write(stats.toString({
colors: true,
modules: false,
children: false,
chunks: false,
chunkModules: false
}) + '\n\n');
//error
if (stats.hasErrors()) {
console.log(chalk.red(' 编译失败出现错误.\n'));
process.exit(1);
}
//完成
console.log(chalk.cyan(' 编译成功.\n'))
console.log(chalk.yellow(
' file:// 无用,需http(s)://.\n'
))
})
})相关推荐:
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