Front-end HTML and HTML5 basic content

The previous chapter introduced the development of the front-end. This chapter briefly introduces the development of html and basic tags.

1. The development history of HTML

1. Concept

HyperText Markup Language (HTML for short) ) is a markup language designed for [web page creation and other information that can be seen in a browser].

2. Related development history:
* Hypertext Markup Language (First Edition) --- In June 1993, as the Internet Engineering Group ( IETF) working draft release (not a standard)

　　　 * HTML2.0 --- Released as RFC 1866 in November 1995, it was announced after the release of RFC 2854 in June 2000 Obsolete

##　　 * HTML3.2 --- January 14, 1996, W3C Recommended Standard

　　 * HTML4.0 --- 1997 December 18, 1999, W3C recommended standard

　　 * ISO/IEC 15445:2000 ("ISO HTML") --- Released on May 15, 2000, based on strict HTML 4.01 syntax, it is a standard of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission

　 * # * XHTML 1.1 --- Released on May 31, 2001

-- On October 29, 2014, the World Wide Web Consortium tearfully announced that after almost eight years of hard work, the HTML5 standard specification has finally been finalized and has been publicly released.

3. The arduous development process of HTML5

The predecessor of the HTML5 draft was called Web Applications 1.0, which was proposed by WHATWG in 2004 and published in 2007. It was accepted by W3C and a new HTML working team was established.

The first official draft of HTML 5 was announced on January 22, 2008. HTML5 is still a work in progress. However, most modern browsers already have some HTML5 support.

On December 17, 2012, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) officially announced that the HTML5 specification, which has condensed the efforts of a large number of network workers, has been officially finalized. According to the W3C's speech: "HTML5 is the cornerstone of the open Web network platform."

On May 6, 2013, the official draft of HTML 5.1 was announced. The specification defines the fifth major version, the first to revise the core language of the World Wide Web: Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In this version, new features are continuously introduced to help web application authors in an effort to improve interoperability of new elements.

On October 29, 2014, the World Wide Web Consortium tearfully announced that after almost 8 years of hard work, the HTML5 standard specification has finally been finalized and has been publicly released.

Browsers that support Html5 include Firefox (Firefox browser), IE9 and higher versions, Chrome (Google browser), Safari, Opera, etc.; domestic Aoyou browser ( Maxthon), and domestic browsers such as 360 Browser, Sogou Browser, QQ Browser, and Cheetah Browser based on IE or Chromium (the engineering version or experimental version of Chrome) also have the ability to support HTML5.

　　4. XML, xhtml, html, the relationship and difference between the three

　　HTML (HyperText Markup Language), hypertext markup language. "Hypertext" means that the page can contain pictures, links, and even non-text elements such as music and programs. "Marking" refers to using specific marking symbols to mark various parts of the content to be displayed. Hypertext Markup Language is an application under Standard Universal Markup Language, a specification, and a standard that is designed to display data. HTML text is what we usually call a web page, and the extension can be html or htm.

　 XML (Extensible Markup Language), extensible markup language. XML is a subset of the Standard Universal Markup Language. It is a markup language used to mark electronic documents to make them structural. It is designed to transmit and store data and is a supplement to Hypertext Markup Language. Extensible Markup Language is a meta-markup language that defines a structured markup language that is used to define other domain-specific semantics. These markup languages ​​divide documents into many parts and identify these parts. It enables more precise declarations of content, facilitating more meaningful search results across multiple platforms. It provides a format for describing structured data, simplifies data exchange and representation in the network, separates code, data and representation, and serves as a standard format for data exchange, so it is often called an intelligent data document, and the file extension is xml.

　　XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language), extensible hypertext markup language. XHTML is based on Extensible Markup Language (XML). XHTML is an extensible markup language (XML) that plays a role similar to HTML. XHTML is an enhanced version of HTML, and XHTML is a more rigorous and purer version of HTML. Its scalability and flexibility will adapt to more needs of future network applications. Although XML has powerful data conversion capabilities and can completely replace HTML, it is still too early to directly adopt XML in the face of thousands of existing websites designed based on HTML language. Therefore, on the basis of HTML4.0, we extended it with XML rules and obtained XHTML. Therefore, the purpose of establishing XHTML is to realize the transition from HTML to XML. XHTML became W3C (World Wide Web Consortium, World Wide Web Consortium) on January 26, 2000, and the file extension is xhtml.

Summary: HTML, XML and XHTML are all subsets of standard universal markup language. HTML is designed to display data, and its focus is the appearance of the data; XML is designed to transmit and store data, and its focus is the content of the data; Defined HTML is designed to replace HTML to adapt to more needs of the future network. They can all be used to develop web pages, but for now, HTML is still the absolute mainstream in web development, and now the latest version, HTML5, is also highly regarded. Extensible Markup Language XML is widely used in the storage of data in various applications (such as various configuration files) and the transmission of data between applications. It can be said to be a technology that must be mastered. As for the Extensible Hypertext Markup Language XHTML, in 2009 the W3C announced that it would stop the development of XHTML2 and instead vigorously support HTML5.

2. HTML4.01 (the new chapter of HTML5 will be introduced in the next chapter)

　1. Basic structure

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8" />
        <title></title>
    </head>
    <body>
        
    </body>
</html>

2. Specific descriptions of basic elements are available on w3school, so I won’t explain them in detail.

Commonly used: html, head, meta, title, link, style, body, h1-h6, p, a, p , span, ul, li, dl, dt, dd, ol, img, table, thead, tbody, tfoot, tr, td, caption, i, b, form, label, input, button, textarea, selected, option, optgroup ,script,frame,br,hr,em,strong.

Not commonly used: The above are mostly used in work, and there are many style tags that are no longer recommended, so I won’t introduce them here.

3. Standard attributes

id, class, title, style, dir, lang

4. Event attributes

onclick, ondblclick, onmousedown, onmouseup , onmouseover, onmousemove, onmouseout, onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup

Summary: HTML is a universal markup language used on the Web. HTML allows you to format text, add images, create links, input forms, frames and tables, etc., and save it as a text file, which the browser can read and display. (html is relatively simple as well as css. As long as you know basic html and css, you can start cutting static pages, so it is very easy to get started with the front end, but js is the difficult part)

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